McWilliams Thomas, Ward Nathan
Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States.
Front Psychol. 2021 Apr 15;12:631364. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.631364. eCollection 2021.
Partially automated vehicle technology is increasingly common on-road. While this technology can provide safety benefits to drivers, it also introduces new concerns about driver attention. In particular, during partially automated driving (PAD), drivers are expected to stay vigilant so they can readily respond to important events in their environment. However, using partially automated vehicles on the highway places drivers in monotonous situations and requires them to do very little. This can place the driver in a state of cognitive underload in which they experience a very small amount of cognitive demand. In this situation, drivers can exhibit vigilance decrements which impact their ability to respond to on-road threats. This is of particular concern in situations when the partially automated vehicle fails to respond to a potentially critical situation and leaves all responsibility to safely navigate to the driver. This paper reviews situations that lead to vigilance decrements and characterizes the different methodologies of measuring driver vigilance during PAD, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Based on our reading of the literature, we summarize several factors future research on vigilance decrements in PAD should consider.
部分自动化车辆技术在道路上越来越常见。虽然这项技术可以为驾驶员带来安全益处，但也引发了对驾驶员注意力的新担忧。特别是在部分自动驾驶（PAD）期间，驾驶员需要保持警惕，以便能够随时应对周围环境中的重要事件。然而，在高速公路上使用部分自动化车辆会使驾驶员处于单调的情境中，且需要他们做的事情很少。这可能会使驾驶员处于认知负荷不足的状态，在此状态下他们所经历的认知需求非常少。在这种情况下，驾驶员可能会出现警觉性下降，这会影响他们应对道路威胁的能力。当部分自动化车辆无法应对潜在的危急情况并将安全驾驶的所有责任都留给驾驶员时，这种情况尤其令人担忧。本文回顾了导致警觉性下降的情况，并描述了在部分自动驾驶期间测量驾驶员警觉性的不同方法，突出了它们的优点和局限性。基于我们对文献的研读，我们总结了未来关于部分自动驾驶中警觉性下降的研究应考虑的几个因素。
