Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States.
JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2021 May 6;9(5):e25895. doi: 10.2196/25895.
Melanoma is attributable to predisposing phenotypical factors, such as skin that easily sunburns and unprotected exposure to carcinogenic UV radiation. Reducing the proportion of young adults who get sunburned may reduce the incidence of melanoma, a deadly form of skin cancer. Advances in technology have enabled the delivery of real-time UV light exposure and content-relevant health interventions.
This study aims to examine the feasibility of young adults performing the following tasks daily: wearing a UV dosimeter, receiving text messages and real-time UV-B doses on their smartphone, and responding to daily web-based surveys about sunburn and sun protection.
Young adults aged 18-39 years (n=42) were recruited in the United States in June 2020 via social media. Participants received the UV Guard sun protection system, which consisted of a UV dosimeter and a smartphone app. During 3 consecutive periods, intervention intensity increased as follows: real-time UV-B dose; UV-B dose and daily behavioral facilitation text messages; and UV-B dose, goal setting, and daily text messages to support self-efficacy and self-regulation. Data were self-reported through daily web-based surveys for 28 days, and UV-B doses were transmitted to cloud-based storage.
Patients' median age was 22 years (IQR 20, 29), and all patients had sun-sensitive skin. Sunburns were experienced during the study by fewer subjects (n=18) than those in the preceding 28 days (n=30). In July and August, the face was the most commonly sunburned area among 13 body locations; 52% (22/42) of sunburns occurred before the study and 45% (19/42) occurred during the study. The mean daily UV-B dose decreased during the 3 periods; however, this was not statistically significant. Young adults were most often exercising outdoors from 2 to 6 PM, walking from 10 AM to 6 PM, and relaxing from noon to 2 PM. Sunburn was most often experienced during exercise (odds ratio [OR] 5.65, 95% CI 1.60-6.10) and relaxation (OR 3.69, 95% CI 1.03-4.67) relative to those that did not exercise or relax in each category. The self-reported exit survey indicated that participants felt that they spent less time outdoors this summer compared to the last summer because of the COVID-19 pandemic and work. In addition, 38% (16/42) of the participants changed their use of sun protection based on their app-reported UV exposure, and 48% (20/42) shifted the time they went outside to periods with less-intense UV exposure. A total of 79% (33/42) of the participants were willing to continue using the UV Guard system outside of a research setting.
In this proof-of-concept research, young adults demonstrated that they used the UV Guard system; however, optimization was needed. Although some sun protection behaviors changed, sunburn was not prevented in all participants, especially during outdoor exercise.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03344796; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03344796.
黑色素瘤是由易晒伤和暴露于致癌紫外线等表型因素引起的。减少容易晒伤的年轻人的比例可能会降低致命性皮肤癌黑色素瘤的发病率。技术的进步使得实时紫外线暴露和与内容相关的健康干预成为可能。
本研究旨在检验年轻人每天执行以下任务的可行性：佩戴紫外线剂量计、在智能手机上接收短信和实时紫外线-B 剂量，并对晒伤和防晒的每日在线调查做出回应。
2020 年 6 月，通过社交媒体在美国招募了 18-39 岁的年轻人（n=42）。参与者收到了 UV Guard 防晒系统，其中包括紫外线剂量计和智能手机应用程序。在连续三个时期内，干预强度如下增加：实时紫外线-B 剂量；紫外线-B 剂量和每日行为促进短信；紫外线-B 剂量、目标设定和每日短信，以支持自我效能感和自我调节。通过 28 天的每日在线调查自我报告数据，紫外线-B 剂量传输到基于云的存储。
患者的中位年龄为 22 岁（IQR 20，29），所有患者均有敏感皮肤。在研究期间，与前 28 天（n=30）相比，较少的受试者（n=18）经历了晒伤。在 7 月和 8 月，脸部是 13 个身体部位中最常晒伤的部位；52%（22/42）的晒伤发生在研究之前，45%（19/42）发生在研究期间。三个时期的平均每日紫外线-B 剂量均有所下降；然而，这并不具有统计学意义。年轻人最常在下午 2 点至 6 点进行户外运动，上午 10 点至下午 6 点散步，中午至下午 2 点放松。与那些在每个类别中不运动或不放松的人相比，运动（比值比 [OR] 5.65，95%CI 1.60-6.10）和放松（OR 3.69，95%CI 1.03-4.67）时最常出现晒伤。自我报告的退出调查表明，由于 COVID-19 大流行和工作原因，与去年夏天相比，今年夏天参与者感觉自己在户外的时间减少了。此外，38%（16/42）的参与者根据其应用程序报告的紫外线暴露情况改变了他们的防晒措施使用情况，48%（20/42）改变了他们外出的时间，以避免紫外线较强的时段。共有 79%（33/42）的参与者愿意在研究环境之外继续使用 UV Guard 系统。
在这项概念验证研究中，年轻人证明了他们使用了 UV Guard 系统；然而，还需要进行优化。尽管一些防晒行为发生了变化，但并非所有参与者都能预防晒伤，尤其是在户外运动时。
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03344796；http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03344796.
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