Second Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
Tissue Eng Part A. 2022 Jan;28(1-2):13-26. doi: 10.1089/ten.TEA.2021.0022. Epub 2021 Jul 5.
Alveolar ridge absorbs rapidly following tooth extraction. To promote implant rehabilitation, an adequate bone and soft tissue volume are required. Three-dimensional (3D) cell printing technique provides the advantages of precise spatial distribution and personalization. In this study, 3D cell printing was used to establish a soft-hard construct that is composed of alginate/gelatin (AG)/gingival fibroblast cells (GFs) and alginate/gelatin/nano-hydroxyapatite (AGH)/bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Physicochemical results showed that nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) added in the bioink maintained its crystalline phase. In addition, an increase of viscosity, the improvement of compressive modulus ( < 0.01), and slow degradation rate ( < 0.01) were found after adding nHA. SEM showed cell stretched and attached well on the surface of the 3D printed construct. At day 7 after printing, the viability of GFs in AG was 94.80% ± 1.14%, while BMSC viability in AGH was 86.59% ± 0.75%. Polymerase chain reaction results indicated that the expression levels of , , and in BMSCs were higher in AGH than AG bioink ( < 0.01). After 8-week implantation into the dorsum of 6- to 8-week-old male athymic and inbred (BALB/c) nude mice, the cellular printed construct displayed a more integrated structure and better healing of subcutaneous tissue compared with the acellular printed construct. In conclusion, this 3D cell printed soft-hard construct exhibits favorable biocompatibility and has potential for alveolar ridge preservation. Impact statement Alveolar ridge resorption after tooth extraction has posed great difficulty in the subsequent restorative procedure. Clinically, to preserve the dimension of alveolar ridge, covering soft tissue healing and underlying bone formation is necessary after tooth extraction. Three-dimensional (3D) cell printing, which can distribute different biomaterials and cells with spatial control, provides a novel approach to develop a customized plug to put in the fresh socket to minimize bone resorption and improve gingiva growth. In this study, an integrated and heterogeneous soft-hard construct with lock-key structure was successfully developed using 3D cell printing. The physicochemical and biological properties were tested and This 3D cell printed soft-hard construct will be a customized plug in alveolar ridge preservation in the future.
拔牙后牙槽嵴迅速吸收。为了促进种植体修复，需要足够的骨量和软组织量。三维（3D）细胞打印技术具有精确的空间分布和个性化的优点。在这项研究中，使用 3D 细胞打印技术构建了一种由藻酸盐/明胶（AG）/牙龈成纤维细胞（GFs）和藻酸盐/明胶/纳米羟基磷灰石（AGH）/骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）组成的软硬构建体。理化结果表明，生物墨水添加的纳米羟基磷灰石（nHA）保持其晶体相。此外，添加 nHA 后发现粘度增加、压缩模量提高（<0.01）和降解速度减慢（<0.01）。SEM 显示细胞在 3D 打印构建体的表面拉伸并很好地附着。打印后第 7 天，AG 中的 GFs 活力为 94.80%±1.14%，而 AGH 中的 BMSC 活力为 86.59%±0.75%。聚合酶链反应结果表明，BMSCs 中 、 和 的表达水平在 AGH 中高于 AG 生物墨水（<0.01）。将细胞打印构建体植入 6-8 周龄雄性无胸腺和近交系（BALB/c）裸鼠背部 8 周后，与无细胞打印构建体相比，细胞打印构建体显示出更集成的结构和更好的皮下组织愈合。总之，这种 3D 细胞打印的软硬构建体具有良好的生物相容性，在牙槽嵴保存方面具有潜力。
