Shikha Kumari, Shahi J P, Vinayan M T, Zaidi P H, Singh A K, Sinha B
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agriculltural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh India.
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT)-Asia, ICRISAT Campus, Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana India.
3 Biotech. 2021 May;11(5):244. doi: 10.1007/s13205-021-02799-4. Epub 2021 Apr 29.
Genome-wide association study (GWAS) provides a robust and potent tool to retrieve complex phenotypic traits back to their underlying genetics. Maize is an excellent crop for performing GWAS due to diverse genetic variability, rapid decay of linkage disequilibrium, availability of distinct sub-populations and abundant SNP information. The application of GWAS in maize has resulted in successful identification of thousands of genomic regions associated with many abiotic and biotic stresses. Many agronomic and quality traits of maize are severely affected by such stresses and, significantly affecting its growth and productivity. To improve productivity of maize crop in countries like India which contribute only 2% to the world's total production in 2019-2020, it is essential to understand genetic complexity of underlying traits. Various DNA markers and trait associations have been revealed using conventional linkage mapping methods. However, it has achieved limited success in improving polygenic complex traits due to lower resolution of trait mapping. The present review explores the prospects of GWAS in improving yield, quality and stress tolerance in maize besides, strengths and challenges of using GWAS for molecular breeding and genomic selection. The information gathered will facilitate elucidation of genetic mechanisms of complex traits and improve efficiency of marker-assisted selection in maize breeding.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02799-4.
全基因组关联研究（GWAS）提供了一个强大而有效的工具，用于将复杂的表型性状追溯到其潜在的遗传学基础。由于遗传变异多样、连锁不平衡快速衰减、存在不同的亚群以及丰富的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）信息，玉米是进行GWAS的优良作物。GWAS在玉米中的应用已成功鉴定出数千个与许多非生物和生物胁迫相关的基因组区域。玉米的许多农艺和品质性状受到这些胁迫的严重影响，进而显著影响其生长和生产力。为了提高像印度这样在2019 - 2020年仅占世界总产量2%的国家的玉米作物产量，了解潜在性状的遗传复杂性至关重要。使用传统连锁图谱方法已经揭示了各种DNA标记和性状关联。然而，由于性状定位分辨率较低，在改善多基因复杂性状方面取得的成功有限。本综述探讨了GWAS在提高玉米产量、品质和胁迫耐受性方面的前景，以及使用GWAS进行分子育种和基因组选择的优势和挑战。收集到的信息将有助于阐明复杂性状的遗传机制，并提高玉米育种中标记辅助选择的效率。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s13205 - 021 - 02799 - 4获取的补充材料。
