Interdisciplinary Centre on Population Dynamics, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
Interdisciplinary Centre on Population Dynamics, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 May 18;118(20). doi: 10.1073/pnas.2010588118.
Why do women live longer than men? Here, we mine rich lodes of demographic data to reveal that lower female mortality at particular ages is decisive-and that the important ages changed around 1950. Earlier, excess mortality among baby boys was crucial; afterward, the gap largely resulted from elevated mortality among men 60+. Young males bear modest responsibility for the sex gap in life expectancy: Depending on the country and time, their mortality accounts for less than a quarter and often less than a 10th of the gap. Understanding the impact on life expectancy of differences between male and female risks of death by age, over time, and across populations yields insights for research on how the lives of men and women differ.
为什么女性比男性长寿？在这里，我们挖掘丰富的人口统计数据，揭示了特定年龄段女性死亡率较低是决定性的，而且重要的年龄段在 1950 年左右发生了变化。在此之前，男婴的超额死亡率是关键；之后，这一差距主要源于 60 岁以上男性的死亡率上升。年轻男性对预期寿命性别差距负有适度的责任：根据国家和时间的不同，他们的死亡率不到差距的四分之一，通常也不到十分之一。了解随着时间的推移和在不同人群中，男女死亡风险差异对预期寿命的影响，可以深入了解男性和女性生活差异的研究。
