Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America.
Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 2021 Sep;1866(9):158966. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158966. Epub 2021 May 9.
Studies of the lipidomes of twenty-one species of clostridia have revealed considerable diversity. Even among those species now defined as Clostridium sensu stricto, which are related to Clostridium butyricum, the type species, lipid analysis has shown that a number of distinct clades have characteristic polar lipids. All species of Clostridium sensu stricto have phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin which are present as all acyl or alk-1'-enyl acyl (plasmalogen) species. In addition, almost every clade has specialized polar lipids. For example, the group closely related to Clostridium beijerinckii and several other solventogenic species has glycerol acetals of plasmenylethanolamine, which protects the membrane bilayer arrangement when the lipids are highly unsaturated or in the presence of solvents. The group related to Clostridium novyi has aminoacyl-phosphatidylglycerol, which protects these pathogens from cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) of innate immunity. Clostridium botulinum species, which fall into several groups, align with these clades, and have the same specific lipids. This review will present the current state of knowledge on clostridial lipids.
对 21 种梭菌的脂质组学研究表明，存在着相当大的多样性。即使在那些现在被定义为严格梭菌（Clostridium sensu stricto）的物种中，它们与丁酸梭菌（Clostridium butyricum）有关，脂质分析表明，许多不同的进化枝具有特征性的极性脂质。所有严格梭菌的物种都含有磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰甘油和心磷脂，它们以全酰基或 1'-烯基酰基（质体）形式存在。此外，几乎每个进化枝都有专门的极性脂质。例如，与贝氏梭菌（Clostridium beijerinckii）和其他几种溶剂产生菌密切相关的组具有质体乙醇胺甘油缩醛，当脂质高度不饱和或存在溶剂时，它可以保护膜双层排列。与诺维梭菌（Clostridium novyi）相关的组具有氨基酸酰基-磷脂酰甘油，它可以保护这些病原体免受先天免疫的阳离子抗菌肽（CAMPs）的侵害。属于几个组的肉毒梭菌（Clostridium botulinum）与这些进化枝对齐，并具有相同的特定脂质。这篇综述将介绍目前关于梭菌脂质的知识状况。
