Muzi Stefania, Sansò Alessandra, Pace Cecilia Serena
Department of Education Sciences, School of Social Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Front Psychiatry. 2021 Apr 27;12:590543. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.590543. eCollection 2021.
Italian adolescents were confined at home for 3 months due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which exposed them to feelings of fear, uncertainty, and loneliness that may have increased their vulnerability to emotional-behavioral symptoms (e.g., anxiety) and binge-eating attitudes. Potential risk factors for these psychopathological symptoms are problematic social media usage and attachment insecurity. Therefore, this study aimed: (1) to assess emotional-behavioral symptoms, binge eating, problematic social media usage, and attachment representations of adolescents during the pandemic, comparing them with prepandemic similar samples; (2) to investigate relationships among variables, exploring the role of problematic social media usage and insecure attachment as risk factors for more psychopathological symptoms. were 62 community adolescents aged 12-17 years, enrolled through schools, and assessed online through the following Youth Self-Report for emotional-behavioral problems, Binge-Eating Scale for binge eating, Social Media Disorder Scale for problematic social media usage, and the Friends and Family Interview for attachment. The main were: (1) 9.4% of adolescents showed clinical rates of emotional-behavioral symptoms and 4.8% of binge eating attitudes. The comparison with pre-pandemic samples revealed that pandemic teenagers showed lower internalizing, but higher other problems (e.g., binge drinking, self-destructive behaviors) and more problematic social media usage than pre-pandemic peers. No differences in binge-eating attitudes and attachment were revealed (76% secure classifications). (2) Problematic social media usage was related to more binge eating and emotional-behavioral problems, predicting 5.4% of both delinquent and attention problems. Attachment disorganization predicted 16.5% of internalizing problems, somatic complaints, and social and identity-related problems. In , confinement did not increase adolescents' internalizing symptoms -i.e., vulnerability to mood disorders of an anxious-depressive type- which even decreased. However, teenagers may have expressed their discomfort through other problems and symptoms of social media disorder. Further studies should explore the role of adolescents' problematic social media usage and attachment insecurity as risk factors for additional psychopathological symptoms.
由于新冠疫情，意大利青少年居家隔离了3个月，这使他们产生了恐惧、不确定和孤独感，可能增加了他们出现情绪行为症状（如焦虑）和暴饮暴食态度的易感性。这些心理病理症状的潜在风险因素是社交媒体使用问题和依恋不安全感。因此，本研究旨在：（1）评估疫情期间青少年的情绪行为症状、暴饮暴食、社交媒体使用问题和依恋表征，并与疫情前的类似样本进行比较；（2）研究变量之间的关系，探讨社交媒体使用问题和不安全依恋作为更多心理病理症状风险因素的作用。研究对象为62名年龄在12至17岁的社区青少年，通过学校招募，并通过以下方式进行在线评估：用于评估情绪行为问题的青少年自评量表、用于评估暴饮暴食的暴饮暴食量表、用于评估社交媒体使用问题的社交媒体障碍量表，以及用于评估依恋的朋友和家人访谈。主要结果如下：（1）9.4%的青少年表现出情绪行为症状的临床发生率，4.8%的青少年有暴饮暴食态度。与疫情前的样本相比，疫情期间的青少年内化症状较低，但其他问题（如酗酒、自我毁灭行为）较多，社交媒体使用问题也比疫情前的同龄人更多。在暴饮暴食态度和依恋方面未发现差异（76%为安全分类）。（2）社交媒体使用问题与更多的暴饮暴食和情绪行为问题相关，预测了5.4%的行为问题和注意力问题。依恋紊乱预测了16.5%的内化问题、躯体不适以及与社交和身份相关的问题。总之，居家隔离并未增加青少年的内化症状，即焦虑抑郁型情绪障碍的易感性，甚至有所下降。然而，青少年可能通过其他问题和社交媒体障碍症状来表达他们的不适。进一步的研究应探讨青少年社交媒体使用问题和依恋不安全感作为其他心理病理症状风险因素的作用。
