Heshami Neda, Mohammadali Soheila, Komaki Alireza, Tayebinia Heidar, Karimi Jamshid, Abbasi Oshaghi Ebrahim, Hashemnia Mohammad, Khodadadi Iraj
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2021 Mar;24(3):300-311. doi: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.49013.11230.
Hypercholesterolemia is correlated with brain amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and impaired cognitive functions and contributes to Alzheimer's disease. Effects of cholesterol-lowering dill tablets and aqueous extract of L (basil) on learning and memory and hippocampus fatty acid composition were examined. mRNA levels of the genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis were also determined in high-cholesterol diet (HCD) fed rats.
Forty male Wistar rats were allocated to 4 groups: rats fed chow diet (C); rats fed high-cholesterol (2%) diet (HCD); rats treated with HCD+300 mg/kg dill tablets (HCD+Dill); and finally, rats fed HCD and treated with 400 mg/kg basil aqueous extract (HCD+basil). Treatment was carried out for 16 weeks. Hippocampus Aβ(1-42) level was determined. Spatial and passive avoidance tests were used to examine cognitive functions. Hippocampal FA composition was assessed by gas chromatography. Basil aqueous extract was analyzed by GC-double mass spectroscopy (GC-MS/MS) and expression of LXR-α, LXR-β, and ABCA1 genes was assessed by qRT-PCR.
Dill tablets and basil extract remarkably ameliorated serum cholesterol (<0.001), retarded hippocampal accumulation of Aβ, and attenuated HCD-induced memory impairment. Hippocampus FA composition did not change but serum cholesterol was found positively correlated with hippocampus Aβ(1-42) (<0.001), total n 6 PUFA (=0.013), and Aβ(1-42) showed correlation with the ratio of n6 to n3 PUFA. At least 70 components were identified in basil aqueous extract.
Dill tablets and aqueous extract of basil attenuated the hypercholesterolemia-induced memory impairment by lowering serum cholesterol and hippocampus amyloid deposits, and probably beneficial in AD adjuvant therapy.
高胆固醇血症与脑淀粉样β蛋白（Aβ）沉积及认知功能受损相关，并促使阿尔茨海默病的发生。本研究检测了降胆固醇莳萝片和罗勒水提取物对学习记忆及海马脂肪酸组成的影响。同时还测定了高胆固醇饮食（HCD）喂养大鼠中胆固醇稳态相关基因的mRNA水平。
40只雄性Wistar大鼠分为4组：普通饮食喂养大鼠（C）；高胆固醇（2%）饮食喂养大鼠（HCD）；HCD+300mg/kg莳萝片处理大鼠（HCD+莳萝）；最后，HCD喂养并用400mg/kg罗勒水提取物处理大鼠（HCD+罗勒）。处理持续16周。测定海马Aβ（1-42）水平。采用空间和被动回避试验检测认知功能。通过气相色谱法评估海马脂肪酸组成。采用气相色谱-串联质谱法（GC-MS/MS）分析罗勒水提取物，并通过qRT-PCR评估肝X受体α（LXR-α）、肝X受体β（LXR-β）和ATP结合盒转运体A1（ABCA1）基因的表达。
莳萝片和罗勒提取物显著改善血清胆固醇水平（<0.001），抑制海马Aβ积聚，并减轻HCD诱导的记忆损伤。海马脂肪酸组成未发生变化，但血清胆固醇与海马Aβ（1-42）呈正相关（<0.001），与总n-6多不饱和脂肪酸呈正相关（=0.013），且Aβ（1-42）与n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸比值相关。罗勒水提取物中至少鉴定出70种成分。
莳萝片和罗勒水提取物通过降低血清胆固醇和海马淀粉样沉积物，减轻了高胆固醇血症诱导的记忆损伤，可能对阿尔茨海默病辅助治疗有益。
