Zhang Dongyan, Liu Hui, Wang Sixin, Zhang Wei, Wang Shuaiqin, Wang Yamin, Ji Haifeng
Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2021 Jun;105(11):4775-4789. doi: 10.1007/s00253-021-11310-1. Epub 2021 May 18.
Dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus can improve the intestinal microbial balance and exerts beneficial effects on pig health. However, whether these effects in pigs show differences between the sexes remains poorly understood. Therefore, we analyzed the sex-dependent patterns in the fecal microbiota after dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus acidophilus ZLA012 through high-throughput sequencing, determined the metabolomic profile of serum in barrows (immature castrated males) and gilts (sexually immature females) through nontargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and measured the levels of various hormones, such as insulin, growth hormone, serotonin, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine. Lactobacillus supplementation resulted in more obvious effects on the microbial diversity and composition in barrows than in gilts. Specifically, supplementation with L. acidophilus ZLA012 significantly increased the abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes and decreased that of Firmicutes in barrows. In contrast, more notable effects on metabolites, particularly those involved in lipid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism, were observed in gilts than in barrows after Lactobacillus supplementation. Megasphaera, Dialister, Gemmiger, Faecalibacterium, Bulleidia, and Prevotella were the core functional genera associated with the significantly affected metabolites, which are involved in the biosynthesis, degradation, and elongation of fatty acids. L. acidophilus ZLA012 treatment increased the serum insulin, total bile acid, lipoprotein lipase, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels in gilts, whereas higher serotonin levels were found in barrows than in gilts. The results indicated that the separate housing of barrows and gilts might be beneficial for targeted dietary supplementation and application of Lactobacillus in pig production. KEY POINTS: • L. acidophilus exerted obvious effects on microbiota profiles for barrows than gilts. • Gilts treated by L. acidophilus had a greater variety of lipid metabolism compared with barrows. • Lactobacillus regulated the dynamic balance among the microbiota, metabolism, and hormone in pigs.
补充乳酸菌的饮食可以改善肠道微生物平衡，并对猪的健康产生有益影响。然而，这些在猪身上的影响在性别之间是否存在差异仍知之甚少。因此，我们通过高通量测序分析了补充嗜酸乳杆菌ZLA012后粪便微生物群中的性别依赖性模式，通过非靶向液相色谱-质谱法测定了去势公猪（未成熟去势雄性）和后备母猪（性未成熟雌性）血清的代谢组学特征，并测量了各种激素的水平，如胰岛素、生长激素、血清素、三碘甲状腺原氨酸和甲状腺素。补充乳酸菌对去势公猪的微生物多样性和组成的影响比对后备母猪更明显。具体而言，补充嗜酸乳杆菌ZLA012显著增加了去势公猪中拟杆菌门的丰度，并降低了厚壁菌门的丰度。相比之下，补充乳酸菌后，在后备母猪中观察到对代谢物的影响更显著，特别是那些参与脂质代谢和甘油磷脂代谢的代谢物。巨球形菌属、戴阿利斯特菌属、吉氏菌属、粪杆菌属、布氏菌属和普雷沃菌属是与显著受影响的代谢物相关的核心功能属，它们参与脂肪酸的生物合成、降解和延长。嗜酸乳杆菌ZLA012处理提高了后备母猪血清胰岛素、总胆汁酸、脂蛋白脂肪酶和烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NAD）水平，而去势公猪的血清素水平高于后备母猪。结果表明，将去势公猪和后备母猪分开饲养可能有利于猪生产中乳酸菌的靶向饮食补充和应用。要点：•嗜酸乳杆菌对去势公猪的微生物群谱的影响比对后备母猪更明显。•与去势公猪相比，嗜酸乳杆菌处理的后备母猪有更多样化的脂质代谢。•乳酸菌调节了猪体内微生物群、代谢和激素之间的动态平衡。
