García-Angulo Antonio, Ortega-Toro Enrique, Giménez-Egido José María, Olmedilla Aurelio, García-Mas Alexandre, Manuel Palao José
Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain.
Sport Performance Analysis Association, Murcia, Spain.
J Hum Kinet. 2021 Mar 31;78:151-160. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2021-0035. eCollection 2021 Mar.
The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of the modification of the pitch size, goal size, and the number of players per team on the level of cooperation in youth soccer players (U-12). A quasi-experimental design was implemented to measure the effects of the changes in the number of players per team (8-a-side vs. 5-a-side), goal size (6 x 2 m vs. 3 x 2 m), and field size (58 x 38 m vs. 38 x 20 m) on the cooperation. Four soccer teams under-12 (n = 48 players) participated in three tournaments (standard rules; proposed rules; standard rules). The five variables of cooperation were measured using the "Sports Cooperation Questionnaire": conditional cooperation, cooperation with the coach, disposition of unconditional cooperation, situational cooperation with teammates, and situational cooperation outside the field of play. Players presented the same level of cooperation in conditional cooperation, situational cooperation with teammates, and situational cooperation outside the field of play with both types of rules. The modification of rules involved a reduction of the cooperation with the coach and a disposition of unconditional cooperation. The causes of the reduction may be related to players' adaptation to new tactical dispositions and game situations. Future studies are needed of player's cooperation and different competition rules in youth sports.
本研究的目的是分析调整间距尺寸、球门尺寸和每队球员数量对青少年足球运动员（12岁以下）合作水平的影响。采用准实验设计来测量每队球员数量（8人制对5人制）、球门尺寸（6×2米对3×2米）和场地尺寸（58×38米对38×20米）的变化对合作的影响。四支12岁以下的足球队（共48名球员）参加了三项锦标赛（标准规则；提议规则；标准规则）。使用“体育合作问卷”测量合作的五个变量：条件合作、与教练的合作、无条件合作倾向、与队友的情境合作以及赛场外的情境合作。在条件合作、与队友的情境合作以及赛场外的情境合作方面，球员在两种规则下表现出相同的合作水平。规则的调整导致与教练的合作减少以及无条件合作倾向降低。这种减少的原因可能与球员对新战术布局和比赛情况的适应有关。未来需要对青少年体育中球员的合作和不同比赛规则进行研究。
