Agriculture College, Yanbian University, 977 Gongyuan Road, 133002, Yanji, China.
BMC Genomics. 2021 May 25;22(1):383. doi: 10.1186/s12864-021-07715-x.
Leaf color is an important ornamental trait of colored-leaf plants. The change of leaf color is closely related to the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins in leaves. Acer pseudosieboldianum is a colored-leaf tree native to Northeastern China, however, there was less knowledge in Acer about anthocyanins biosynthesis and many steps of the pathway remain unknown to date.
Anthocyanins metabolite and transcript profiling were conducted using HPLC and ESI-MS/MS system and high-throughput RNA sequencing respectively. The results demonstrated that five anthocyanins were detected in this experiment. It is worth mentioning that Peonidin O-hexoside and Cyanidin 3, 5-O-diglucoside were abundant, especially Cyanidin 3, 5-O-diglucoside displayed significant differences in content change at two periods, meaning it may be play an important role for the final color. Transcriptome identification showed that a total of 67.47 Gb of clean data were obtained from our sequencing results. Functional annotation of unigenes, including comparison with COG and GO databases, yielded 35,316 unigene annotations. 16,521 differentially expressed genes were identified from a statistical analysis of differentially gene expression. The genes related to leaf color formation including PAL, ANS, DFR, F3H were selected. Also, we screened out the regulatory genes such as MYB, bHLH and WD40. Combined with the detection of metabolites, the gene pathways related to anthocyanin synthesis were analyzed.
Cyanidin 3, 5-O-diglucoside played an important role for the final color. The genes related to leaf color formation including PAL, ANS, DFR, F3H and regulatory genes such as MYB, bHLH and WD40 were selected. This study enriched the available transcriptome information for A. pseudosieboldianum and identified a series of differentially expressed genes related to leaf color, which provides valuable information for further study on the genetic mechanism of leaf color expression in A. pseudosieboldianum.
叶片颜色是彩色植物的重要观赏性状。叶片颜色的变化与叶片中花色素苷的合成和积累密切相关。槭树是原产于中国东北的彩色树种，但关于槭树花色素苷生物合成及其途径的许多步骤目前知之甚少。
采用 HPLC 和 ESI-MS/MS 系统进行花色素苷代谢产物分析，采用高通量 RNA 测序进行花色素苷转录谱分析。实验共检测到 5 种花色素苷，其中矢车菊素 O-葡萄糖苷和飞燕草素 3,5-O-二葡萄糖苷含量丰富，尤其是飞燕草素 3,5-O-二葡萄糖苷在两个时期的含量变化差异显著，可能对最终颜色起重要作用。转录组鉴定共获得 67.47Gb 的清洁数据。对 unigene 进行功能注释，包括与 COG 和 GO 数据库的比较，得到 35316 个 unigene 注释。通过差异基因表达的统计分析，共鉴定出 16521 个差异表达基因。选择与叶片颜色形成相关的基因，如 PAL、ANS、DFR、F3H。同时，筛选出 MYB、bHLH 和 WD40 等调节基因。结合代谢物的检测，分析了与花色素苷合成相关的基因途径。
飞燕草素 3,5-O-二葡萄糖苷对最终颜色起重要作用。选择与叶片颜色形成相关的基因，如 PAL、ANS、DFR、F3H 和调节基因，如 MYB、bHLH 和 WD40。本研究丰富了槭树的转录组信息，鉴定了一系列与叶片颜色相关的差异表达基因，为进一步研究槭树叶片颜色表达的遗传机制提供了有价值的信息。
