Kaiser Franz, Latora Vito, Witthaut Dirk
Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute for Energy and Climate Research (IEK-STE), Jülich, Germany.
Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.
Nat Commun. 2021 May 25;12(1):3143. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23292-9.
In our daily lives, we rely on the proper functioning of supply networks, from power grids to water transmission systems. A single failure in these critical infrastructures can lead to a complete collapse through a cascading failure mechanism. Counteracting strategies are thus heavily sought after. In this article, we introduce a general framework to analyse the spreading of failures in complex networks and demostrate that not only decreasing but also increasing the connectivity of the network can be an effective method to contain damages. We rigorously prove the existence of certain subgraphs, called network isolators, that can completely inhibit any failure spreading, and we show how to create such isolators in synthetic and real-world networks. The addition of selected links can thus prevent large scale outages as demonstrated for power transmission grids.
在我们的日常生活中，我们依赖于供应网络的正常运行，从电网到输水系统。这些关键基础设施中的任何一个故障都可能通过连锁故障机制导致全面崩溃。因此，人们急切地寻求应对策略。在本文中，我们引入了一个通用框架来分析复杂网络中的故障传播，并证明不仅降低网络的连通性，而且增加网络的连通性都可以是控制损害的有效方法。我们严格证明了某些子图（称为网络隔离器）的存在，这些子图可以完全抑制任何故障传播，并且我们展示了如何在合成网络和现实世界网络中创建这样的隔离器。因此，如输电电网所示，添加选定的链路可以防止大规模停电。
