Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
President's Malaria Initiative, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2021 Jun 16;34(3):e0025020. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00250-20. Epub 2021 May 26.
The identification and characterization of proteins produced during human infection with spp. have guided the malaria community in research, diagnosis, epidemiology, and other efforts. Recently developed methods for the detection of these proteins (antigens) in the laboratory have provided new types of data that can inform the evaluation of malaria diagnostics, epidemiological investigations, and overall malaria control strategies. Here, the focus is primarily on antigens that are currently known to be detectable in human specimens and on their impact on the understanding of malaria in human populations. We highlight historical and contemporary laboratory assays for malaria antigen detection, the concept of an antigen profile for a biospecimen, and ways in which binary results for a panel of antigens could be interpreted and utilized for different analyses. Particular emphasis is given to the direct comparison of field-level malaria diagnostics and laboratory antigen detection for the development of an external evaluation scheme. The current limitations of laboratory antigen detection are considered, and the future of this developing field is discussed.
鉴定和描述人类感染 spp. 后产生的蛋白质，为疟疾领域的研究、诊断、流行病学和其他方面提供了指导。最近开发的在实验室中检测这些蛋白质（抗原）的方法提供了新类型的数据，有助于评估疟疾诊断、流行病学调查和整体疟疾控制策略。本文主要关注目前已知可在人体标本中检测到的抗原，以及它们对人类疟疾的理解所产生的影响。我们重点介绍了疟疾抗原检测的历史和当代实验室检测方法、生物样本抗原谱的概念，以及如何对一组抗原的二分结果进行解释和用于不同的分析。特别强调了现场疟疾诊断与实验室抗原检测的直接比较，以制定外部评估方案。本文还考虑了实验室抗原检测的当前局限性，并讨论了这一不断发展领域的未来。
