Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.
Expert Rev Proteomics. 2021 May;18(5):363-378. doi: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1937133. Epub 2021 Jun 7.
Early disease detection is a prerequisite for early intervention. Urine is not subjected to homeostatic control, and therefore, it accumulates very early changes associated with disease processes, some of which may be used as biomarkers. Animal models must be used to identify urinary changes associated with very early stages of diseases to avoid potential interfering factors and obtain urine samples at a sufficiently early time point before pathological or clinical manifestations occur.
We reviewed recent (from 2009-2020) urine proteome studies using animal models of many diseases. We focused on early changes in urine proteome of animal models, particularly changes occurring prior to alterations in blood tests, light microscopy observations and clinical manifestations. Additional studies relevant to the topic were also extracted from the references of the cited papers. Changes in the urine proteome at different disease stages and the ability of the urine proteome to differentiate among different animal models are also discussed in this review.
Urine proteomes of animal models may reflect early changes that occur even before changes in blood parameters, light microscopy observations and clinical manifestations, suggesting the potential use of urinary biomarkers for the very early detection of human diseases.
早期疾病检测是早期干预的前提。尿液不受内稳态控制，因此，它会积累与疾病过程相关的非常早期的变化，其中一些可能被用作生物标志物。必须使用动物模型来识别与疾病非常早期阶段相关的尿液变化，以避免潜在的干扰因素，并在发生病理或临床症状之前获得足够早的尿液样本。
我们回顾了 2009 年至 2020 年期间使用多种疾病动物模型的尿液蛋白质组学研究。我们专注于动物模型尿液蛋白质组的早期变化，特别是在血液检测、光学显微镜观察和临床表现发生变化之前发生的变化。还从引用文献的参考文献中提取了与该主题相关的其他研究。本文还讨论了不同疾病阶段尿液蛋白质组的变化以及尿液蛋白质组区分不同动物模型的能力。
动物模型的尿液蛋白质组可能反映了甚至在血液参数、光学显微镜观察和临床症状发生变化之前就发生的早期变化，这表明尿液生物标志物有可能用于人类疾病的早期检测。
