Camp Allyson, Pastrano Amanda, Gomez Valeria, Stephenson Kathleen, Delatte William, Perez Brianna, Syas Hunter, Guiseppi-Elie Anthony
Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B®), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Houston Methodist Institute for Academic Medicine and Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Bioengineering (Basel). 2021 May 1;8(5):56. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering8050056.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a pervasive condition affecting persons across all age groups, although it is primarily diagnosed in children. This neurological condition affects behavior, learning, and social adjustment and requires specific symptomatic criteria to be fulfilled for diagnosis. ADHD may be treated with a combination of psychological or psychiatric therapeutic interventions, but it often goes unattended. People with ADHD face societal bias challenges that impact how they manage the disorder and how they view themselves. This paper summarizes the present state of understanding of this disorder, with particular attention to early diagnosis and innovative therapeutic intervention. Contemporary understanding of the mind-brain duality allows for innovative therapeutic interventions based on neurological stimulation. This paper introduces the concept of neurostimulation as a therapeutic intervention for ADHD and poses the question of the relationship between patient adherence to self-administered therapy and the aesthetic design features of the neurostimulation device. By fabricating devices that go beyond safety and efficacy to embrace the aesthetic preferences of the patient, it is proposed that there will be improvements in patient adherence to a device intended to address ADHD.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种普遍存在的病症，影响着所有年龄段的人，尽管它主要在儿童中被诊断出来。这种神经病症会影响行为、学习和社会适应能力，并且诊断需要满足特定的症状标准。ADHD可以通过心理或精神治疗干预相结合的方式进行治疗，但它常常未得到关注。患有ADHD的人面临着社会偏见挑战，这影响着他们如何应对该病症以及如何看待自己。本文总结了对这种病症的当前理解状态，特别关注早期诊断和创新治疗干预。当代对心脑二元性的理解允许基于神经刺激进行创新治疗干预。本文介绍了神经刺激作为ADHD治疗干预的概念，并提出了患者对自我管理治疗的依从性与神经刺激设备的美学设计特征之间关系的问题。通过制造超越安全性和有效性以迎合患者美学偏好的设备，建议患者对旨在解决ADHD的设备的依从性将会得到改善。
