Tzamaloukas Ouranios, Neofytou Marina C, Simitzis Panagiotis E, Miltiadou Despoina
Department of Agricultural Sciences Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus.
Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece.
Foods. 2021 May 6;10(5):1016. doi: 10.3390/foods10051016.
The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of farming practices and season on the fat and protein content and fatty acid (FA) profile of milk and Halloumi cheese produced in Cyprus. Over a year, raw bulk-tank milk samples from cow, goat, and sheep farms were collected seasonally from all organic (11) and representative conventional (44) dairy farms, whereas Fresh Halloumi cheese samples were collected monthly from retail outlets (48 organic and 48 conventional samples in total). The different farming practices did not affect the milk fat content of ruminants, while protein levels were decreased in organic bovine and caprine milk. Under organic farming practices, milk and cheese contained increased values of total mono-unsaturated FA (MUFA) and poly-unsaturated FA (PUFA), and specific FA, such as oleic, conjugated linoleic, linoleic, and α-linolenic acids. Total saturated FA (SFA) levels were particularly decreased in organic samples and, consequently, the atherogenic indices of milk and cheese were decreased. Season influenced milk and Halloumi cheese FA profile; spring samples had lower SFA and higher PUFA and MUFA concentrations. Overall, the organic farm practices improved the lipid profile of milk and Halloumi cheese, which is more likely attributed to the different feeding strategies applied in organic dairy farms.
本研究旨在评估养殖方式和季节对塞浦路斯生产的牛奶和哈洛米奶酪的脂肪、蛋白质含量以及脂肪酸（FA）谱的影响。在一年的时间里，季节性地从所有有机奶牛场、山羊场和绵羊场（共11个）以及代表性的传统奶牛场（共44个）采集散装原料奶样本，同时每月从零售商店采集新鲜哈洛米奶酪样本（总共48个有机样本和48个传统样本）。不同的养殖方式并未影响反刍动物的乳脂肪含量，而有机牛奶和羊奶中的蛋白质含量有所降低。在有机养殖方式下，牛奶和奶酪中的总单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）以及特定脂肪酸（如油酸、共轭亚油酸、亚油酸和α-亚麻酸）的含量增加。有机样本中的总饱和脂肪酸（SFA）水平显著降低，因此，牛奶和奶酪的致动脉粥样化指数也降低。季节影响牛奶和哈洛米奶酪的脂肪酸谱；春季样本的SFA含量较低，PUFA和MUFA浓度较高。总体而言，有机养殖方式改善了牛奶和哈洛米奶酪的脂质谱，这很可能归因于有机奶牛场采用的不同饲养策略。
