Machín Abniel, Fontánez Kenneth, Arango Juan C, Ortiz Dayna, De León Jimmy, Pinilla Sergio, Nicolosi Valeria, Petrescu Florian I, Morant Carmen, Márquez Francisco
Arecibo Observatory, Universidad Ana G. Méndez-Cupey Campus, San Juan, PR 00926, USA.
Nanomaterials Research Group, School of Natural Sciences and Technology, Universidad Ana G. Méndez-Gurabo Campus, Gurabo, PR 00778, USA.
Materials (Basel). 2021 May 17;14(10):2609. doi: 10.3390/ma14102609.
At present, the world is at the peak of production of traditional fossil fuels. Much of the resources that humanity has been consuming (oil, coal, and natural gas) are coming to an end. The human being faces a future that must necessarily go through a paradigm shift, which includes a progressive movement towards increasingly less polluting and energetically viable resources. In this sense, nanotechnology has a transcendental role in this change. For decades, new materials capable of being used in energy processes have been synthesized, which undoubtedly will be the cornerstone of the future development of the planet. In this review, we report on the current progress in the synthesis and use of one-dimensional (1D) nanostructured materials (specifically nanowires, nanofibers, nanotubes, and nanorods), with compositions based on oxides, nitrides, or metals, for applications related to energy. Due to its extraordinary surface-volume relationship, tunable thermal and transport properties, and its high surface area, these 1D nanostructures have become fundamental elements for the development of energy processes. The most relevant 1D nanomaterials, their different synthesis procedures, and useful methods for assembling 1D nanostructures in functional devices will be presented. Applications in relevant topics such as optoelectronic and photochemical devices, hydrogen production, or energy storage, among others, will be discussed. The present review concludes with a forecast on the directions towards which future research could be directed on this class of nanostructured materials.
目前，世界正处于传统化石燃料生产的高峰期。人类一直在消耗的许多资源（石油、煤炭和天然气）即将枯竭。人类面临的未来必然要经历一场范式转变，这包括朝着污染越来越少且能源上可行的资源逐步迈进。从这个意义上说，纳米技术在这一变革中具有至关重要的作用。几十年来，已经合成了能够用于能源过程的新材料，这无疑将成为地球未来发展的基石。在这篇综述中，我们报告了基于氧化物、氮化物或金属的一维（1D）纳米结构材料（具体为纳米线、纳米纤维、纳米管和纳米棒）在能源相关应用中的合成与使用方面的当前进展。由于其非凡的表面 - 体积关系、可调的热和传输特性以及高表面积，这些一维纳米结构已成为能源过程发展的基本要素。将介绍最相关的一维纳米材料、它们不同的合成方法以及在功能器件中组装一维纳米结构的有用方法。还将讨论在光电器件、光化学器件、制氢或能量存储等相关主题中的应用。本综述最后对这类纳米结构材料未来研究的方向进行了预测。
