The Phytochemical Analysis of L. Species Leaf Extracts Is Correlated with the Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antitumor Effects.

The phytochemical analysis of , , , and var. leaf extracts showed species-dependent antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic effects correlated with the identified phytoconstituents. Vincamine was present in , , and var. , while had the richest alkaloid content, followed by . var. was richest in flavonoids and the highest total phenolic content was found in which also had elevated levels of rutin. Consequently, had the highest antioxidant activity followed by var. . Whereas, the lowest one was of . The extract showed the most efficient inhibitory effect against both and . On the other hand, had a good anti-bacterial potential only against , which was most affected at morphological levels, as indicated by scanning electron microscopy. The extracts acted in a dose-depended manner against HaCaT keratinocytes and A375 melanoma cells and moreover, with effects on the ultrastructure, nitric oxide concentration, and lactate dehydrogenase release. Therefore, the species could be exploited further for the development of alternative treatments in bacterial infections or as anticancer adjuvants.