Amosova Alexandra V, Ghukasyan Lilit, Yurkevich Olga Yu, Bolsheva Nadezhda L, Samatadze Tatiana E, Zoshchuk Svyatoslav A, Muravenko Olga V
Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilov St, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Plants (Basel). 2021 May 30;10(6):1105. doi: 10.3390/plants10061105.
The genus P. Beauv. (Poaceae) involves a group of widespread polymorphic species, and many of them are highly tolerant to stressful environmental conditions. Genome diversity and chromosomal phylogeny within the genus are still insufficiently studied. Satellite DNAs, including CON/COM families, are the main components of the plant repeatome, which contribute to chromosome organization. For the first time, using PCR-based (Polymerase Chain Reaction) techniques and sequential BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) and MSA (Multiple Sequence Alignment) analyses, we identified and classified CON/COM repeats in genomes of eleven accessions and three accessions from related genera. High homology of CON/COM sequences were revealed in the studied species though differences in single-nucleotide alteration profiles detected in homologous CON/COM regions indicated that they tended to diverge independently. The performed chromosome mapping of 45S rDNA, 5S rDNA, and CON/COM repeats in six species demonstrated interspecific variability in localization of these cytogenetic markers and facilitated the identification of different chromosomal rearrangements. Based on the obtained data, the studied species were distinguished into karyological groups, and MSA-based schematic trees were built, which could clarify the relationships within the genus. Our findings can be useful for further genetic and phylogenetic studies.
P. Beauv.属（禾本科）包含一组广泛分布的多态性物种，其中许多对恶劣环境条件具有高度耐受性。该属内的基因组多样性和染色体系统发育仍未得到充分研究。包括CON/COM家族在内的卫星DNA是植物重复序列组的主要组成部分，对染色体组织有贡献。我们首次使用基于PCR（聚合酶链反应）的技术以及序列BLAST（基本局部比对搜索工具）和MSA（多序列比对）分析，在11个种和3个近缘属种的基因组中鉴定并分类了CON/COM重复序列。在所研究的物种中发现CON/COM序列具有高度同源性，尽管在同源CON/COM区域检测到的单核苷酸变异谱存在差异，表明它们倾向于独立分化。在6个物种中对45S rDNA、5S rDNA和CON/COM重复序列进行的染色体定位显示，这些细胞遗传学标记的定位存在种间变异性，并有助于识别不同的染色体重排。基于获得的数据，将所研究的物种分为核型组，并构建了基于MSA的系统树，这可以阐明该属内的关系。我们的发现可能对进一步的遗传和系统发育研究有用。
