Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2021 May 31;57(6):551. doi: 10.3390/medicina57060551.
Even though scientific literature shows numerous heath complications and performance decrements associated with rapid weight loss (RWL), its prevalence remains exceedingly high across various combat sports. The aim of this study was to thoroughly search the existing literature to explore the influence of RWL on kidney function in Olympic and non-Olympic combat sport athletes. PubMed and Web of Science were searched for the relevant studies. Only original articles published from 2005 onwards, written in English, that included healthy males and females who prompted ~5% weight loss within a week or less, were included in the study. Retrieved studies showed that creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and urine specific gravity values were significantly increased after RWL in the majority of the included studies. This observation indicates that RWL caused dehydration and subsequent acute kidney damage despite various degrees of weight lost during the RWL phase, which can lead to adverse events in other body systems. Alternative methods of weight reduction that prioritize athletes' health should be considered.
尽管科学文献表明快速减重（RWL）与许多健康并发症和表现下降有关，但它在各种格斗运动中仍然非常普遍。本研究的目的是彻底搜索现有文献，以探讨 RWL 对奥运和非奥运格斗运动运动员肾功能的影响。使用 PubMed 和 Web of Science 搜索相关研究。仅纳入 2005 年以后发表的、用英语撰写的原始研究，研究对象为在一周或更短时间内减轻 5%左右体重的健康男性和女性。研究表明，在大多数纳入的研究中，RWL 后肌酐、血尿素氮和尿比重值显著增加。这一观察结果表明，尽管在 RWL 期间体重减轻程度不同，但 RWL 导致了脱水和随后的急性肾损伤，这可能导致其他身体系统的不良事件。应该考虑优先考虑运动员健康的减重替代方法。
