Bochnia Mandy, Ziegler Jörg, Glatter Maren, Zeyner Annette
Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
Toxins (Basel). 2021 May 26;13(6):381. doi: 10.3390/toxins13060381.
Hypoglycin A (HGA) originating from soapberry fruits (litchi, and ackee) seeds or seedlings from the sycamore maple (SM) tree (related to Sapindaceae) may cause Jamaican vomiting sickness in humans and atypical myopathy in horses and ruminants. A possible transfer into dairy cow's milk cannot be ruled out since the literature has revealed HGA in the milk of mares and in the offal of captured deer following HGA intoxication. From a study, carried out for another purpose, bulk raw milk samples from four randomly selected dairy farms were available. The cows were pastured in the daytime. A sycamore maple tree was found on the pasture of farm No. 1 only. Bulk milk from the individual tank or milk filling station was sampled in parallels and analyzed for HGA by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Measurable concentrations of HGA occurred only in milk from farm No. 1 and amounted to 120 and 489 nmol/L. Despite low and very variable HGA concentrations, the results indicate that the ingested toxin, once eaten, is transferred into the milk. However, it is unknown how much HGA the individual cow ingested during grazing and what amount was transferred into the bulk milk samples. As a prerequisite for a possible future safety assessment, carry-over studies are needed. Furthermore, the toxins' stability during milk processing should also be investigated as well.
源自无患子科植物（荔枝、西非荔枝果）种子或悬铃木（与无患子科有关）幼苗的低血糖素A（HGA）可能会导致人类患上牙买加呕吐病，以及马匹和反刍动物患上非典型肌病。由于文献显示母马乳汁和HGA中毒后捕获鹿的内脏中存在HGA，因此不能排除其转移到奶牛牛奶中的可能性。在一项为其他目的进行的研究中，有来自四个随机选择的奶牛场的大量原料奶样本。奶牛白天在牧场放牧。仅在1号农场的牧场上发现了一棵悬铃木。从各个储奶罐或牛奶灌装站平行采集牛奶样本，并通过液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法（LC-ESI-MS/MS）分析HGA。仅在1号农场的牛奶中检测到了可测量浓度的HGA，分别为120和489纳摩尔/升。尽管HGA浓度很低且变化很大，但结果表明摄入的毒素一旦被食用就会转移到牛奶中。然而，尚不清楚每头奶牛在放牧期间摄入了多少HGA以及有多少转移到了大量牛奶样本中。作为未来可能进行安全评估的前提条件，需要进行残留研究。此外，还应研究毒素在牛奶加工过程中的稳定性。
