Department of Functional Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
Department of Functional Sciences, Physiology and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
Toxins (Basel). 2022 Jul 26;14(8):512. doi: 10.3390/toxins14080512.
is a worldwide-distributed tree which contains toxins, among them hypoglycin A (HGA). This toxin is known to be responsible for poisoning in various species, including humans, equids, Père David's deer and two-humped camels. We hypothesized that any herbivore pasturing with in their vicinity may be at risk for HGA poisoning. To test this hypothesis, we surveyed the HGA exposure from in species not yet described as being at risk. Animals in zoological parks were the major focus, as they are at high probability to be exposed to in enclosures. We also searched for a toxic metabolite of HGA (i.e., methylenecyclopropylacetyl-carnitine; MCPA-carnitine) in blood and an alteration of the acylcarnitines profile in HGA-positive animals to document the potential risk of declaring clinical signs. We describe for the first instance cases of HGA poisoning in . Two gnus () exposed to in their enclosure presented severe clinical signs, serum HGA and MCPA-carnitine and a marked modification of the acylcarnitines profile. In this study, even though all herbivores were exposed to , proximal fermenters species seemed less susceptible to HGA poisoning. Therefore, a ruminal transformation of HGA is hypothesized. Additionally, we suggest a gradual alteration of the fatty acid metabolism in case of HGA poisoning and thus the existence of subclinical cases.
是一种分布广泛的树木，其包含毒素，其中包括低血糖素 A（HGA）。这种毒素已知会导致包括人类、马科动物、麋鹿和双峰驼在内的多种物种中毒。我们假设任何在附近放牧的食草动物都可能有 HGA 中毒的风险。为了验证这一假设，我们调查了来自尚未被描述为处于风险之中的物种的 HGA 暴露情况。动物园中的动物是主要的研究对象，因为它们在围栏中极有可能接触到。我们还在血液中寻找 HGA 的有毒代谢物（即亚甲基环丙基乙酰肉碱；MCPA-肉碱），并在 HGA 阳性动物中检查酰基肉碱谱的变化，以记录出现临床症状的潜在风险。我们首次描述了在 中 HGA 中毒的病例。两只在围栏中接触到 的大羚羊（）出现了严重的临床症状，血清 HGA 和 MCPA-肉碱水平升高，酰基肉碱谱明显改变。在这项研究中，尽管所有食草动物都接触到了，但近端发酵者物种似乎不太容易受到 HGA 中毒的影响。因此，我们假设 HGA 在瘤胃中发生了转化。此外，我们建议在发生 HGA 中毒时逐渐改变脂肪酸代谢，因此可能存在亚临床病例。
