Ishida Ai, Travis S Kyle, Stone Michael H
Department of Sport, Exercise, Recreation, and Kinesiology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37604, USA.
Center of Excellence for Sport Science and Coach Education, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37604, USA.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2021 May 24;6(2):45. doi: 10.3390/jfmk6020045.
The purpose of this study was to examine if short-term periodized programming may improve strength, power, jump kinetics, and sprint efficiency in soccer. Seventeen players (19.6 ± 1.6 yrs; 73.8 ± 8.2 kg; 1.77 ± 0.6 m) were divided into two groups based on mean isometric midthigh pull peak force (IPF) (stronger and weaker) and squat jump (SJ) peak power (PP) (higher power and lower power). Eight weaker players were included in the lower power group, while six stronger players were included in the higher power group. Block periodization was adopted to design strength training consisting of 3-week strength endurance and 4-week maximum strength blocks. Performance data included SJ with polyvinyl chloride pipe (SJ0), 20 kgs bar (SJ20), and 40 kgs (SJ40) bar and 20 m sprint across three time points (baseline: T; post-block 1: T; post-block 2: T). Stronger group showed significant increases from T to T in SJ20 peak power (PP), net impulse, and allometrically-scaled PP ( = 0.005 to 0.01, ES = 0.32 to 0.49). Weaker group demonstrated moderate to large increases from T to T in SJ20, allometrically-scaled peak force (PF), PP, and allometrically-scaled PP ( = <0.001 to 0.04, ES = 1.41 to 1.74). Lower power group showed significant increases from T to T in SJ20 allometrically-scaled PF, net impulse, PP, and allometrically-scaled PP ( = <0.001 to 0.026, ES = 1.06 to 2.01). Weaker and less powerful soccer players can benefit from strength-focused training to improve loaded SJ kinetics associating with force production.
本研究的目的是检验短期周期性训练计划是否可以提高足球运动员的力量、爆发力、跳跃动力学和短跑效率。17名运动员（19.6±1.6岁；73.8±8.2千克；1.77±0.6米）根据平均等长中大腿拉峰力（IPF）（较强和较弱）和深蹲跳（SJ）峰值功率（PP）（较高功率和较低功率）分为两组。8名较弱的运动员被纳入低功率组，6名较强的运动员被纳入高功率组。采用阶段性周期化设计力量训练，包括3周的力量耐力和4周的最大力量阶段。性能数据包括使用聚氯乙烯管（SJ0）、20千克杠铃（SJ20）和40千克杠铃（SJ40）的深蹲跳以及三个时间点（基线：T；第一阶段后：T；第二阶段后：T）的20米短跑。较强组在SJ20峰值功率（PP）、净冲量和异速缩放PP方面从T到T有显著增加（ = 0.005至0.01，效应大小 = 0.32至0.49）。较弱组在SJ20、异速缩放峰值力（PF）、PP和异速缩放PP方面从T到T有中度到大幅增加（ = <0.001至0.04，效应大小 = 1.41至1.74）。低功率组在SJ20异速缩放PF、净冲量、PP和异速缩放PP方面从T到T有显著增加（ = <0.001至0.026，效应大小 = 1.06至2.01）。较弱和功率较低的足球运动员可以从以力量为重点的训练中受益，以改善与力量产生相关的负重深蹲跳动力学。
