2 型糖尿病患者的听力损失：一项横断面研究。
Hearing loss among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.
机构信息
From the Research and Scientific Center, Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City; Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
From the Department of ENT, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
出版信息
Ann Saudi Med. 2021 May-Jun;41(3):171-178. doi: 10.5144/0256-4947.2021.171. Epub 2021 Jun 1.
BACKGROUND
Hearing loss is an underestimated comorbid condition in type 2 diabetes.
OBJECTIVES
Investigate hearing loss as a comorbidity associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and evaluate the factors associated with hearing loss.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional.
SETTING
Tertiary care center, diabetes clinic.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Patients with type 2 diabetes, aged 30 to 60 years, were randomly selected to participate. All patients underwent clinical ear examinations and were referred for full audiological evaluation. Otoacoustic emission was used to assess inner function, tympanometry to assess middle-ear function, and pure tone air/bone audiometry to assess hearing sensitivity. Risk factors for hearing loss were assessed by multivariate logistic regression.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Frequency, severity and risk factors for hearing loss.
SAMPLE SIZE
157 RESULTS: Of the 157 patients, 77 had hearing loss in both ears (49.0%), 13 in the right ear only (8.3%), 14 in the left ear only (8.9%), and 53 (33.8%) had normal hearing. In the 181 ears with sensorineural hearing loss, 90 had mild loss (49.7%), 69 moderate loss (38.2%), 16 severe loss (8.8%) and 6 had profound loss (3.3%). Disabling hearing loss was observed in 46 (29%) patients. A higher frequency of hearing loss was present in patients with glycated hemoglobin levels ≥8%. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the most important factors associated with hearing loss were longer diabetes duration, poor glycemic control and the presence of hypertension.
CONCLUSIONS
Hearing loss is an underestimated comorbid condition in type 2 diabetes that warrants frequent hearing assessments and management. Strict glycemic and hypertension control is essential for the minimization of the effects of diabetes on hearing sensitivity.
LIMITATIONS
Small sample size, limited age window (30-60 years), which was chosen to eliminate the natural aging effect on hearing. Cross-sectional nature was not ideal for the assessment of causality.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
None.
背景
听力损失是 2 型糖尿病被低估的共病情况。
目的
调查听力损失作为与 2 型糖尿病相关的共病，并评估与听力损失相关的因素。
设计
横断面研究。
地点
三级保健中心，糖尿病诊所。
患者和方法
随机选择年龄在 30 至 60 岁之间的 2 型糖尿病患者参与。所有患者均进行临床耳部检查，并转介进行全面听力学评估。耳声发射用于评估内耳功能，鼓室图用于评估中耳功能，纯音空气/骨导测听用于评估听力敏感度。使用多变量逻辑回归评估听力损失的危险因素。
主要观察指标
听力损失的频率、严重程度和危险因素。
样本量
157
结果
在 157 例患者中，双耳听力损失 77 例（49.0%），右耳仅 13 例（8.3%），左耳仅 14 例（8.9%），53 例（33.8%）听力正常。在 181 只感音神经性听力损失的耳朵中，90 只轻度损失（49.7%），69 只中度损失（38.2%），16 只严重损失（8.8%），6 只深度损失（3.3%）。46 例（29%）患者存在致残性听力损失。糖化血红蛋白水平≥8%的患者听力损失频率更高。多变量逻辑回归分析显示，与听力损失相关的最重要因素是糖尿病病程较长、血糖控制不佳和高血压。
结论
听力损失是 2 型糖尿病被低估的共病情况，需要经常进行听力评估和管理。严格控制血糖和血压对于将糖尿病对听力敏感度的影响降至最低至关重要。
局限性
样本量小，年龄窗口有限（30-60 岁），选择该窗口是为了消除听力自然老化的影响。横断面研究设计不理想，无法评估因果关系。
利益冲突
无。
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