Private Practice, Hilo, HI, USA.
Int J Dermatol. 2021 Sep;60(9):1047-1052. doi: 10.1111/ijd.15673. Epub 2021 Jun 5.
The COVID-19 virus-induced pandemic has been the deadliest pandemic to have occurred in two generations, besides HIV/AIDS. Epidemiologists predicted that the SARS-Cov 2 pandemic would not be able to be brought under control until a majority of the world's population had been inoculated with safe and effective vaccines. A world-wide effort to expedite vaccine development was successful. Previous research for vaccines to prevent SARS and MERS, also coronaviruses, was vital to this success. Nanotechnology was essential to this vaccine development. Key elements are presented here to better understand the relationship between nanomedicine and the COVID-19 vaccine development.
NLM PubMed searches for COVID-19 vaccines, nanotechnology and nanomedicine were done. There were 6911 articles screened, 235 of which were deemed appropriate to this subject and utilized here, together with two landmark nanomedicine texts used to expand understanding of the basic science of nanotechnology.
SARS-Cov 2, caused by the COVID-19 virus, was first recognized in China in December of 2019 and was declared as a pandemic in March of 2020. The RNA sequence was identified in January of 2020. Within 4 months of the viral genome being released, over 259 vaccines had been in development. The World Health Organization (WHO) anticipated a vaccine with a 50-80% efficacy to be developed within 1-2 years. Ahead of schedule, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced the emergency authorization approval for two mRNA vaccines within 11 month's time. Nanotechnology was the key to the success of these rapidly developed, safe and effective vaccines. A brief review of pertinent basic science principles of nanomedicine are presented. The development of COVID vaccines is reviewed. Future considerations are discussed.
Control of the COVID-19 SARS-Cov2 pandemic benefitted from nanomedicine principles used to develop highly effective, yet very safe and relatively inexpensive vaccines. These nanovaccines can be much more easily altered to adjust for viral variants than traditional live or inactivated legacy-type whole virus vaccines.
COVID-19 病毒引发的大流行是两代人以来除艾滋病病毒/艾滋病之外最致命的大流行。流行病学家预测，只有世界上大多数人口接种了安全有效的疫苗，SARS-CoV2 大流行才能得到控制。全球加快疫苗开发的努力取得了成功。此前针对预防 SARS 和 MERS（也是冠状病毒）的疫苗的研究对这一成功至关重要。纳米技术对这种疫苗的开发至关重要。这里介绍了关键要素，以更好地了解纳米医学与 COVID-19 疫苗开发之间的关系。
使用 NLM PubMed 对 COVID-19 疫苗、纳米技术和纳米医学进行了搜索。共筛选出 6911 篇文章，其中 235 篇被认为与本主题相关，并在此使用，同时使用了两本具有里程碑意义的纳米医学文本，以扩展对纳米技术基础科学的理解。
COVID-19 病毒引起的 SARS-CoV-2 于 2019 年 12 月在中国首次被发现，并于 2020 年 3 月被宣布为大流行。2020 年 1 月确定了 RNA 序列。在病毒基因组发布后的 4 个月内，已经有超过 259 种疫苗在开发中。世界卫生组织（WHO）预计，一种具有 50-80%疗效的疫苗将在 1-2 年内开发出来。提前，食品和药物管理局（FDA）在 11 个月内宣布了两种 mRNA 疫苗的紧急授权批准。纳米技术是这些快速开发的、安全有效的疫苗成功的关键。本文简要回顾了纳米医学相关的基本科学原理。审查了 COVID 疫苗的开发。讨论了未来的考虑因素。
纳米医学原则用于开发高度有效、安全且相对廉价的疫苗，有助于控制 COVID-19 SARS-CoV2 大流行。与传统的活疫苗或传统的灭活全病毒疫苗相比，这些纳米疫苗更容易改变以适应病毒变异。
