Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Mol Cell Biochem. 2021 Oct;476(10):3785-3814. doi: 10.1007/s11010-021-04201-6. Epub 2021 Jun 9.
Turmeric, the rhizome of Curcuma longa plant belonging to the ginger family Zingiberaceae, has a history in Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of chronic diseases, including metabolic and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This parallels a prevalence of age- and lifestyle-related diseases, especially CVD and type 2 diabetes (T2D), and associated mortality which has occurred in recent decades. While the chemical composition of turmeric is complex, curcuminoids and essential oils are known as two major groups that display bioactive properties. Curcumin, the most predominant curcuminoid, can modulate several cell signaling pathways involved in the etiology and pathogenesis of CVD, T2D, and related morbidities. Lesser bioactivities have been reported from other curcuminoids and essential oils. This review examines the chemical compositions of turmeric, and related bioactive constituents. A focus was placed on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the protective effects of turmeric and turmeric-derived compounds against diabetes and CVD, compiled from the findings obtained with cell-based and animal models. Evidence from clinical trials is also presented to identify potential preventative and therapeutic efficacies. Clinical studies with longer intervention durations and specific endpoints for assessing health outcomes are warranted in order to fully evaluate the long-term protective efficacy of turmeric.
姜黄，属于姜科姜黄属的植物根茎，在阿育吠陀和中医药中有治疗慢性病的历史，包括代谢和心血管疾病（CVD）。这与近年来出现的与年龄和生活方式相关的疾病（尤其是 CVD 和 2 型糖尿病（T2D））以及相关死亡率的流行相吻合。虽然姜黄的化学成分复杂，但姜黄素和精油被认为是具有生物活性的两个主要成分。姜黄素是最主要的姜黄素，可以调节与 CVD、T2D 和相关疾病的病因和发病机制相关的几种细胞信号通路。其他姜黄素和精油的生物活性较低。本综述检查了姜黄的化学成分和相关的生物活性成分。重点介绍了姜黄及其衍生化合物对糖尿病和 CVD 的保护作用的细胞和分子机制，这些机制是从基于细胞和动物模型的研究中得出的。还介绍了临床试验的证据，以确定潜在的预防和治疗效果。为了充分评估姜黄的长期保护效果，需要进行具有更长干预时间和特定终点以评估健康结果的临床研究。
