长期高强度间歇训练可增加老年超重和肥胖中国成年人的血清神经营养因子。
Long-term high-intensity interval training increases serum neurotrophic factors in elderly overweight and obese Chinese adults.
机构信息
China Institute of Sport Science, 11 Tiyuguan Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100061, China.
Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, 7 Wanyuan North Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100076, China.
出版信息
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2021 Oct;121(10):2773-2785. doi: 10.1007/s00421-021-04746-w. Epub 2021 Jun 20.
PURPOSE
To compare the effects of 12-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and vigorous-intensity continuous training (VICT) on cognitive function, physical fitness, VOmax, serum neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors in overweight and obese elderly individuals.
METHODS
Twenty-nine physically inactive older adults (18 males and 11 females) with a mean age of 64.8 ± 3.9 years were randomly divided into a control group (CON, n = 9), an HIIT group (4 × 3 min at 90% VOmax interspersed with 3 min at 60% VOmax, n = 10) and a VICT group (25 min at 70% VOmax, n = 10) and submitted to 12 weeks of training. Cognitive function questionnaires, physical fitness, VOmax, serum neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors were determined at baseline and post training.
RESULTS
Twelve weeks of HIIT and VICT improved the VOmax (4.19 ± 2.21 and 1.84 ± 1.63 mL/kg/min, respectively, p = 0.005), sit-and-reach distance (8.7 ± 3.0 and 7.8 ± 3.8 cm, p = 0.033), choice reaction time (- 0.115 ± 0.15 and - 0.09 ± 0.15 s, p = 0.004) and one-leg stand time (4.4 ± 3.4 and 4.2 ± 4.0 s, p < 0.001) of the elderly participants. The serum concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (375.5 ± 247.9 and 227.0 ± 137.1 pg/ml, p = 0.006), nerve growth factor (33.9 ± 16.7 and 23.3 ± 14.5 pg/ml, p = 0.037), neurotrophin-3 (24.2 ± 9.33 and 16.3 ± 5.91 pg/ml, p = 0.006) and neurotrophin-4 (10.4 ± 3.8 and 7.8 ± 5.0 pg/ml, p = 0.029) increased significantly in the HIIT and VICT groups after training. In addition, compared to VICT, HIIT significantly increased VOmax and the serum neurotrophin-3 concentration. Serum concentrations of the neurotransmitters acetylcholine, dopamine and serotonin trended upward with training. No significant change was observed in the cognitive function questionnaire scores (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
HIIT is suitable for elderly adults and is more effective than VICT for improving VOmax and serum neurotrophin-3 concentrations.
CHINESE CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER
No. ChiCTR1900022315, date of registration: 4 April 2019.
目的
比较 12 周高强度间歇训练（HIIT）和剧烈强度持续训练（VICT）对超重和肥胖老年人认知功能、身体适应性、最大摄氧量（VOmax）、血清神经递质和神经营养因子的影响。
方法
29 名身体活动不足的老年人（男性 18 名，女性 11 名），平均年龄 64.8±3.9 岁，随机分为对照组（CON，n=9）、HIIT 组（4×3 分钟 90% VOmax 强度间歇，随后 3 分钟 60% VOmax 强度，n=10）和 VICT 组（25 分钟 70% VOmax，n=10），并进行 12 周的训练。在基线和训练后测定认知功能问卷、身体适应性、VOmax、血清神经递质和神经营养因子。
结果
12 周的 HIIT 和 VICT 提高了 VOmax（4.19±2.21 和 1.84±1.63 mL/kg/min，p=0.005）、坐-伸手距离（8.7±3.0 和 7.8±3.8 cm，p=0.033）、选择反应时间（-0.115±0.15 和-0.09±0.15 s，p=0.004）和单腿站立时间（4.4±3.4 和 4.2±4.0 s，p<0.001）。血清脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）浓度（375.5±247.9 和 227.0±137.1 pg/ml，p=0.006）、神经生长因子（NGF）浓度（33.9±16.7 和 23.3±14.5 pg/ml，p=0.037）、神经营养素-3（NT-3）浓度（24.2±9.33 和 16.3±5.91 pg/ml，p=0.006）和神经营养素-4（NT-4）浓度（10.4±3.8 和 7.8±5.0 pg/ml，p=0.029）在 HIIT 和 VICT 组训练后显著增加。此外，与 VICT 相比，HIIT 显著提高了 VOmax 和血清 NT-3 浓度。血清乙酰胆碱、多巴胺和 5-羟色胺等神经递质浓度也呈上升趋势，但认知功能问卷评分无显著变化（p>0.05）。
结论
HIIT 适合老年人，与 VICT 相比，更能有效提高 VOmax 和血清 NT-3 浓度。
临床试验注册号
ChiCTR1900022315，登记日期：2019 年 4 月 4 日。
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