Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2021 Oct 4;114(4):1418-1427. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab202.
Optimal maternal nutrition during pregnancy has been linked to better cognitive and behavioral development in children. However, its influence on the effects of suboptimal postnatal exposures like reduced stimulation and support in the home is not known.
To examine the effect of maternal pregnancy diet on executive function and/or behavioral development in children raised in suboptimal home environments.
Data were provided by 808 mother-infant dyads from the Canadian Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals-Child Development study. Maternal pregnancy diet was self-reported using the Healthy Eating Index 2010 questionnaire. Stimulation and support in the home was assessed using the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) when children were 3-4 y old. Child executive function was reported by mothers at this age using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning-Preschool Edition, and child behavior was assessed using the Behavior Assessment System for Children-2nd Edition. We examined the interaction of maternal pregnancy diet and postnatal HOME scores on child executive function and behavior using linear regression adjusted for maternal education, postpartum depression, prepregnancy BMI, and smoking.
Maternal pregnancy diet was associated with an increasingly positive association with child working memory (β: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.82, 3.41; P = 0.001), planning (β: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.38, 2.84; P = 0.007), and adaptability (β: -0.13; 95% CI: -1.72, -0.08; P = 0.032) as levels of postnatal stimulation decreased.
The positive association of maternal pregnancy diet quality and executive function and adaptability in 3- to 4-y-olds appeared to increase with decreasing levels of postnatal stimulation and support. These results suggest that overall maternal pregnancy diet could be linked to better child neurodevelopment in families experiencing barriers to providing stimulation and support to children in their home.
孕期的最佳营养与儿童的认知和行为发育更好有关。然而，其对家庭中不良的产后环境（如减少刺激和支持）的影响尚不清楚。
研究孕期饮食对在不良家庭环境中成长的儿童执行功能和/或行为发育的影响。
数据来自加拿大母婴环境化学物质与儿童发育研究中的 808 对母婴。孕期饮食通过 2010 年健康饮食指数问卷进行自我报告。家庭环境的刺激和支持通过儿童 3-4 岁时的家庭观察测量环境（HOME）量表进行评估。儿童的执行功能由母亲在这个年龄段使用行为评定量表的学前版（BRIEF-Preschool Edition）进行报告，儿童的行为通过儿童行为评定量表第二版（BASC-2）进行评估。我们使用线性回归调整了母亲教育、产后抑郁、孕前 BMI 和吸烟等因素，来检验孕期饮食和产后 HOME 评分与儿童执行功能和行为的交互作用。
孕期饮食与儿童工作记忆（β：0.21；95%置信区间：0.82，3.41；P=0.001）、计划（β：0.17；95%置信区间：0.38，2.84；P=0.007）和适应性（β：-0.13；95%置信区间：-1.72，-0.08；P=0.032）呈正相关，而产后刺激水平降低。
孕期饮食质量与儿童 3-4 岁时执行功能和适应性的正相关，似乎随着产后刺激和支持水平的降低而增加。这些结果表明，在家庭提供刺激和支持儿童方面存在障碍的情况下，整体孕期饮食可能与儿童的神经发育更好有关。
