Klassen Shane S, VanBlyderveen William, Eccles Les, Kelly Paul G, Borges Daniel, Goodwin Paul H, Petukhova Tatiana, Wang Qiang, Guzman-Novoa Ernesto
School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
Ontario Beekeepers' Association Technology Transfer Program, 185, 5420 Hwy 6 N, Orchard Park Office, Guelph, ON N1H 6J2, Canada.
Vet Sci. 2021 Jun 10;8(6):107. doi: 10.3390/vetsci8060107.
Alternatives to the antibiotic fumagillin for the control of , a gut parasite of the honey bee, are needed. The prebiotics eugenol, chitosan, and naringenin and the probiotic Protexin () provided in sugar syrup or protein patty either in spring or fall were evaluated for their effects on infection, colony population, honey yield and winter survivorship using field colonies. In the first year, spring treatments with eugenol, naringenin, and Protexin significantly reduced infection and increased honey production, while Protexin also increased adult bee populations and chitosan was ineffective. Fall treatments increased survivorship and decreased infection the following spring. In the second year, selected compounds were further tested with a larger number of colonies per treatment and only protein patty used in the spring and sugar syrup in the fall. Protexin and naringenin significantly decreased infections and increased the population of adult bees after spring treatment, but did not affect honey yields. There were no differences between treatments for colony winter mortality, but surviving colonies that had been treated with Protexin and naringenin were significantly more populated and had lower spore counts than control, non-treated colonies. Protexin and naringenin were the most promising candidates for controlling and promoting honey bee populations, warranting further investigation. Future research should investigate the optimal colony dose and treatment frequency to maximize colony health.
需要找到抗生素烟曲霉素的替代物来控制蜜蜂肠道寄生虫微孢子虫。对丁香酚、壳聚糖和柚皮苷这几种益生元以及益生菌宝乐维（Protexin）在春季或秋季以糖浆或蛋白质饼形式投喂时，对微孢子虫感染、蜂群数量、蜂蜜产量和冬季存活率的影响进行了田间蜂群评估。在第一年，春季用丁香酚、柚皮苷和宝乐维处理显著降低了微孢子虫感染并提高了蜂蜜产量，而宝乐维还增加了成年蜜蜂数量，壳聚糖则无效。秋季处理提高了存活率，并降低了次年春季的微孢子虫感染率。在第二年，对选定的化合物进行了进一步测试，每个处理使用了更多蜂群，春季仅使用蛋白质饼，秋季仅使用糖浆。春季用宝乐维和柚皮苷处理后，显著降低了微孢子虫感染率并增加了成年蜜蜂数量，但对蜂蜜产量没有影响。各处理在蜂群冬季死亡率方面没有差异，但用宝乐维和柚皮苷处理过的存活蜂群比未处理的对照蜂群数量显著更多，微孢子虫孢子计数更低。宝乐维和柚皮苷是控制微孢子虫和促进蜜蜂种群数量增长最有前景的候选物，值得进一步研究。未来的研究应探究最佳蜂群剂量和处理频率，以最大限度地提高蜂群健康水平。
