Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, 8 Skromna Street, 20-704 Lublin, Poland.
Molecules. 2021 Jun 8;26(12):3486. doi: 10.3390/molecules26123486.
Many plants that are commonly used in folk medicine have multidirectional biological properties confirmed by scientific research. One of them is (L.) Juss. (F. Amaranthaceae). It is widely used, but there are very few scientific data about its chemical composition and pharmacological activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the chemical composition of phenolic acid (PA)-rich fractions isolated from methanolic extracts of (L.) Juss. herb using the liquid/liquid extraction method and their potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic properties. The free PA fraction (FA), the PA fraction (FB) released after acid hydrolysis, and the PA fraction (FC) obtained after alkaline hydrolysis were analysed using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). The phenolic profile of each sample showed a high concentration of PAs and their presence in (L.) Juss. herb mainly in bound states. Thirteen compounds were detected and quantified in all samples, including some PAs that had not been previously detected in this plant species. Bioactivity assays of all fractions revealed high 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (2.85 mM Trolox equivalents (TE)/g) and 2,2-azino-bis-3(ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) (2.88 mM TE/g) scavenging activity. Fraction FB definitely exhibited not only the highest antiradical activity but also the strongest xanthine oxidase (XO) (EC = 1.77 mg/mL) and lipoxygenase (LOX)(EC = 1.88 mg/mL) inhibitory potential. The fraction had the best anti-diabetic properties, i.e., mild inhibition of α-amylase (EC = 7.46 mg/mL) and strong inhibition of α-glucosidase (EC = 0.30 mg/mL). The activities of all analysed samples were strongly related to the presence of PA compounds and the total PA content.
许多常用于民间医学的植物具有多向生物特性，这已得到科学研究的证实。其中之一是 （L.）Juss.（F.苋科）。它被广泛使用，但关于其化学成分和药理活性的科学数据却很少。本研究的目的是使用液/液萃取法从 （L.）Juss.草的甲醇提取物中分离出富含酚酸（PA）的部分，并研究其潜在的抗氧化、抗炎和抗糖尿病特性。使用液相色谱/电喷雾电离三重四极杆质谱（LC-ESI-MS/MS）分析游离 PA 部分（FA）、酸水解后释放的 PA 部分（FB）和碱水解后得到的 PA 部分（FC）。每个样品的酚类图谱都显示出 PA 的高浓度及其在 （L.）Juss.草中的存在主要以结合态存在。在所有样品中均检测到并定量了 13 种化合物，包括一些以前在该植物物种中未检测到的 PA。所有部分的生物活性测定均显示出高 2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）（2.85 mM Trolox 当量（TE）/g）和 2,2-偶氮-双-3（乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）（ABTS）（2.88 mM TE/g）清除活性。FB 部分不仅表现出最高的抗自由基活性，而且还表现出最强的黄嘌呤氧化酶（XO）（EC = 1.77 mg/mL）和脂氧合酶（LOX）（EC = 1.88 mg/mL）抑制潜力。该部分具有最佳的抗糖尿病特性，即轻度抑制α-淀粉酶（EC = 7.46 mg/mL）和强烈抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶（EC = 0.30 mg/mL）。所有分析样品的活性都与 PA 化合物的存在和总 PA 含量密切相关。
