Akbar Naveed, Paget Daan, Choudhury Robin P
Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
Biomedicines. 2021 Jun 23;9(7):713. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9070713.
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are a heterogeneous group of bilipid-enclosed envelopes that carry proteins, metabolites, RNA, DNA and lipids from their parent cell of origin. They mediate cellular communication to other cells in local tissue microenvironments and across organ systems. EV size, number and their biologically active cargo are often altered in response to pathological processes, including infection, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and in response to metabolic perturbations such as obesity and diabetes, which also have a strong inflammatory component. Here, we discuss the broad repertoire of EV produced by neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, their precursor hematopoietic stem cells and discuss their effects on the innate immune system. We seek to understand the immunomodulatory properties of EV in cellular programming, which impacts innate immune cell differentiation and function. We further explore the possibilities of using EV as immune targeting vectors, for the modulation of the innate immune response, e.g., for tissue preservation during sterile injury such as myocardial infarction or to promote tissue resolution of inflammation and potentially tissue regeneration and repair.
细胞外囊泡（EV）是一类异质性的双脂包被膜泡，它们从其起源的亲代细胞携带蛋白质、代谢物、RNA、DNA和脂质。它们介导细胞与局部组织微环境中的其他细胞以及跨器官系统进行通讯。EV的大小、数量及其生物活性货物通常会因病理过程而改变，包括感染、癌症、心血管疾病，以及因肥胖和糖尿病等代谢紊乱而改变，这些代谢紊乱也具有很强的炎症成分。在这里，我们讨论中性粒细胞、单核细胞、巨噬细胞及其前体造血干细胞产生的EV的广泛种类，并讨论它们对先天免疫系统的影响。我们试图了解EV在细胞编程中的免疫调节特性，这会影响先天免疫细胞的分化和功能。我们进一步探索将EV用作免疫靶向载体的可能性，用于调节先天免疫反应，例如在心肌梗死等无菌损伤期间进行组织保存，或促进炎症组织的消退以及潜在的组织再生和修复。
