Zulhendri Felix, Chandrasekaran Kavita, Kowacz Magdalena, Ravalia Munir, Kripal Krishna, Fearnley James, Perera Conrad O
Kebun Efi, Kabanjahe, North Sumatra 2217, Indonesia.
Peerzadiguda, Uppal, Hyderabad 500039, Telangana, India.
Foods. 2021 Jun 11;10(6):1360. doi: 10.3390/foods10061360.
Propolis is a complex phytocompound made from resinous and balsamic material harvested by bees from flowers, branches, pollen, and tree exudates. Humans have used propolis therapeutically for centuries. The aim of this article is to provide comprehensive review of the antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic properties of propolis. The mechanisms of action of propolis are discussed. There are two distinct impacts with regards to antimicrobial and anti-parasitic properties of propolis, on the pathogens and on the host. With regards to the pathogens, propolis acts by disrupting the ability of the pathogens to invade the host cells by forming a physical barrier and inhibiting enzymes and proteins needed for invasion into the host cells. Propolis also inhibits the replication process of the pathogens. Moreover, propolis inhibits the metabolic processes of the pathogens by disrupting cellular organelles and components responsible for energy production. With regard to the host, propolis functions as an immunomodulator. It upregulates the innate immunity and modulates the inflammatory signaling pathways. Propolis also helps maintain the host's cellular antioxidant status. More importantly, a small number of human clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and the safety of propolis as an adjuvant therapy for pathogenic infections.
蜂胶是一种复杂的植物化合物，由蜜蜂从花朵、树枝、花粉和树液中采集的树脂和香脂物质制成。几个世纪以来，人类一直在将蜂胶用于治疗。本文旨在全面综述蜂胶的抗病毒、抗菌、抗真菌和抗寄生虫特性，并讨论其作用机制。蜂胶的抗菌和抗寄生虫特性对病原体和宿主有两种不同的影响。对于病原体，蜂胶通过形成物理屏障以及抑制入侵宿主细胞所需的酶和蛋白质，来破坏病原体入侵宿主细胞的能力。蜂胶还会抑制病原体的复制过程。此外，蜂胶通过破坏负责能量产生的细胞器和成分来抑制病原体的代谢过程。对于宿主，蜂胶起到免疫调节剂的作用。它上调先天免疫力并调节炎症信号通路。蜂胶还有助于维持宿主细胞的抗氧化状态。更重要的是，一些人体临床试验已经证明了蜂胶作为病原体感染辅助治疗方法的有效性和安全性。
