Mosleh Ghazaleh, Azadi Amir, Khademian Sedigheh, Heidari Reza, Mohagheghzadeh Abdolali
Phytopharmaceutical Technology and Traditional Medicine Incubator, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Biomed Res Int. 2021 Jun 8;2021:5526644. doi: 10.1155/2021/5526644. eCollection 2021.
Wallflower () is employed as a popular herbal drug in traditional Persian medicine. Topical formulations including cerates, lotions, sitz baths, and poultices for inflammatory disorders such as arthritis, anal fissure, endometriosis, and mastitis are known. However, there is no monograph in current pharmacopoeia for the wallflower drug. The present study is aimed to screen anti-inflammatory activity of wallflower and perform quality control and characterization tests for different organs of the herb. In this regard, albumin denaturation activity, macroscopic and microscopic, phytochemical, HPTLC, and FT-IR characteristics were investigated. Wallflower showed strong anti-inflammatory activity compared to diclofenac sodium. The root (1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/mL) and flower (10 mg/mL) extract exhibited higher anti-inflammatory activities than that of other plant organs at the same concentrations. Moreover, total ash was found higher in aerial parts (21.52 ± 0.06%) than flower (11.01 ± 0.03%), root (5.03 ± 0.03%), and seed (6.95 ± 0.06%), while water-soluble ash was higher in seed (34.89 ± 0.26%) than flower (5.00 ± 0.03%), aerial parts (7.16 ± 0.06%), and root (5.04 ± 0.01%). Acid-insoluble ash and sulphated ash were higher in root (9.50 ± 0.04%) and aerial part (28.37 ± 0.57%), respectively. In addition, loss on drying was ranged from 2.20 ± 0.20% in flowers to 6.00 ± 0.10% in aerial parts. On the other hand, HPTLC analysis verified cardenolide compounds in all organs of the herb, and quercetin was detected in the flavonoid fingerprint of acid hydrolysed flowers. According to FT-IR results, the observed spectral region at 3500 cm attributed to -OH stretching vibration. Also, C-H (2900-2950 cm), isothiocyanate (2340 cm), -C=O (1740 cm), conjugated C=C of the aromatic ring (1650 cm), and structure of the aromatic group (1200-1000 cm) were monitored. This work is the first study to the best of our knowledge, suggesting wallflower as a potential drug candidate with the basis for a monograph in addition to initial anti-inflammatory data.
桂竹香（）在传统波斯医学中作为一种常用草药使用。已知有用于治疗关节炎、肛裂、子宫内膜异位症和乳腺炎等炎症性疾病的外用制剂，包括蜡膏、洗剂、坐浴剂和药膏。然而，目前药典中没有关于桂竹香药物的专论。本研究旨在筛选桂竹香的抗炎活性，并对该草药的不同器官进行质量控制和特性测试。在这方面，研究了白蛋白变性活性、宏观和微观、植物化学、高效薄层色谱（HPTLC）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT - IR）特性。与双氯芬酸钠相比，桂竹香显示出较强的抗炎活性。在相同浓度下，根（1.25、2.5和5mg/mL）和花（10mg/mL）提取物比其他植物器官表现出更高的抗炎活性。此外，地上部分的总灰分（21.52±0.06%）高于花（11.01±0.03%）、根（5.03±0.03%）和种子（6.95±0.06%），而种子的水溶性灰分（34.89±0.26%）高于花（5.00±0.03%）、地上部分（7.16±0.06%）和根（5.04±0.01%）。酸不溶性灰分和硫酸化灰分分别在根（9.50±0.04%）和地上部分（28.37±0.57%）中较高。此外，干燥失重范围从花中的2.20±0.20%到地上部分的6.00±0.10%。另一方面，HPTLC分析证实了该草药所有器官中的强心苷化合物，并且在酸水解花的黄酮指纹图谱中检测到了槲皮素。根据FT - IR结果，在3500cm处观察到的光谱区域归因于 - OH伸缩振动。此外，还监测了C - H（2900 - 2950cm）、异硫氰酸酯（2340cm）、 - C = O（1740cm）、芳环的共轭C = C（1650cm）以及芳基结构（1200 - 1000cm）。据我们所知，这项工作是第一项研究，除了初步的抗炎数据外，还表明桂竹香是一种有潜力的候选药物，并为专论奠定了基础。
