University of Birmingham, UK.
Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
J Interpers Violence. 2022 Oct;37(19-20):NP17570-NP17615. doi: 10.1177/08862605211028323. Epub 2021 Jul 7.
There is a rich body of research addressing the issues of conflict-related sexual violence, and a similar wealth of scholarship focused on resilience. To date, however, these literatures have rarely engaged with each other. This article developed from an ongoing research project that seeks to address this gap, by exploring how victims-/survivors of conflict-related sexual violence in three highly diverse settings - Bosnia-Herzegovina, Colombia and Uganda - demonstrate resilience. This research is the first to apply the Adult Resilience Measure (ARM), a 28-item scale that seeks to measure protective resources across individual, relational, and contextual subscales, to the context of conflict-related sexual violence. A total of 449 female and male participants in the three aforementioned countries completed the ARM (in the framework of the study questionnaire) as part of this research. This article presents some of the results of the analyses. Specifically, we first sought to establish through Confirmatory Factor Analysis whether the ARM was actually measuring the same construct in all three countries, by confirming the invariance (or otherwise) of the factor structure. The second aim was to explore how different resources function and cluster in different cultural contexts, to arrive at a more nuanced understanding of the different protective factors in the lives of study participants. We generated different factor structures for BiH, Colombia, and Uganda respectively, suggesting that a single factor structure does not sufficiently capture the diverse groupings of protective factors linked to the particularities of each country, including the dynamics of the conflicts themselves. Ultimately, we use the findings to underscore the need for policy approaches that move away from a deficit model and give greater attention to strengthening and investing in the (often overlooked) protective resources that victims-/survivors may already have in their everyday lives.
有大量研究探讨与冲突相关的性暴力问题，也有大量学术研究关注韧性。然而，迄今为止，这些文献很少相互交流。本文源自一个正在进行的研究项目，旨在通过探讨在三个高度多样化的背景下（波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那、哥伦比亚和乌干达）与冲突相关的性暴力的受害者/幸存者如何表现出韧性，来弥合这一差距。这项研究首次将成人韧性衡量标准（ARM）应用于与冲突相关的性暴力背景中，ARM 是一个 28 项的量表，旨在衡量个体、关系和背景子量表中的保护资源。来自上述三个国家的总共 449 名男性和女性参与者在该研究的调查问卷框架内完成了 ARM。本文介绍了分析的部分结果。具体来说，我们首先通过验证性因素分析，试图在所有三个国家都确定 ARM 实际上是否在衡量相同的结构，从而确认（或不）因素结构的不变性。第二个目的是探讨不同资源在不同文化背景下的作用和聚类方式，以便更细致地了解研究参与者生活中的不同保护因素。我们分别为波黑、哥伦比亚和乌干达生成了不同的因素结构，表明单一的因素结构不足以充分捕捉与每个国家的特殊性相关的多样化保护因素分组，包括冲突本身的动态。最终，我们利用研究结果强调需要采取一种政策方法，摆脱缺陷模式，更加关注加强和投资于受害者/幸存者在日常生活中可能已经拥有的（经常被忽视的）保护资源。
