Xu Kuo, Li Xiu-Qi, Zhao Dong-Lin, Zhang Peng
Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Jun 21;12:689527. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.689527. eCollection 2021.
Plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi can lead to huge losses in the agricultural fields and therefore remain a continuous threat to the global food security. Chemical-based fungicides contributed significantly in securing crop production. However, indiscriminate application of fungicides has led to increased chemical resistance and potential risks to human health and environment. Thus, there is an urgent need for searching for new bioactive natural products and developing them into new biopesticides. Fungal endophytes, microorganisms that reside in the fresh tissues of living plants, are regarded as untapped sources of novel natural products for exploitation in agriculture and/or medicine. Chemical examination of endophytic fungi has yielded enormous antifungal natural products with potential use in the development of biopesticides. This review summarizes a total of 132 antifungal metabolites isolated from fungal endophytes in the past two decades. The emphasis is on the unique chemical diversity of these metabolic products, together with their relevant antifungal properties. Moreover, some "star molecules," such as griseofulvin and trichothecene, as well as their synthetic derivatives that possess high potential as candidates of new natural fungicides, are also presented herein.
由植物病原真菌引起的植物病害会给农田造成巨大损失，因此仍然对全球粮食安全构成持续威胁。基于化学的杀菌剂在保障作物产量方面发挥了重要作用。然而，杀菌剂的滥用导致了抗药性增加以及对人类健康和环境的潜在风险。因此，迫切需要寻找新的生物活性天然产物并将其开发成新型生物农药。真菌内生菌是存在于活植物新鲜组织中的微生物，被视为农业和/或医学领域有待开发的新型天然产物来源。对内生真菌的化学研究已产生了大量具有潜在生物农药开发用途的抗真菌天然产物。本综述总结了过去二十年中从真菌内生菌中分离出的总共132种抗真菌代谢产物。重点在于这些代谢产物独特的化学多样性及其相关的抗真菌特性。此外，本文还介绍了一些“明星分子”，如灰黄霉素和单端孢霉烯，以及它们作为新型天然杀菌剂候选物具有高潜力的合成衍生物。
