Chang Lisha, Li Juan, Ding Jie, Lian Yifan, Huangfu Chaonan, Wang Keming
Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
Am J Cancer Res. 2021 Jun 15;11(6):2369-2385. eCollection 2021.
A long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) transcript is generally more than 200 nucleotides in length and rarely codes for any protein. Currently, many lncRNAs have been identified among mammalian genomes, and their known functions are associated with various physiological activities or pathological processes. Some lncRNAs are dysregulated in a variety of malignant tumors, while increasing evidence indicates that abnormal expression can contribute to the regulation of immune cells in tumors and to shaping the immune response. More specifically, lncRNAs participate in regulating the differentiation of immune cells, also known as myeloid and lymphoid cells, as well as recruiting various immunosuppressive factors to influence the tumor microenvironment, thereby promoting tumor cell immune escape. However, we still know very little about the specific mechanism of lncRNAs in immune escape of cancer. Nonetheless, although unprecedented achievements have allowed the development of a new generation of anti-tumor immune therapies to be applied in clinical trials, the drug resistance caused by immune escape has become a major clinical challenge. The focus of this review is to describe the relationship among lncRNAs, immune cells, and tumor immune escape, in order to identify novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets in human cancers.
长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）转录本通常长度超过200个核苷酸，很少编码任何蛋白质。目前，在哺乳动物基因组中已鉴定出许多lncRNA，其已知功能与各种生理活动或病理过程相关。一些lncRNA在多种恶性肿瘤中表达失调，而越来越多的证据表明，异常表达可参与肿瘤中免疫细胞的调节并塑造免疫反应。更具体地说，lncRNA参与调节免疫细胞（也称为髓系和淋巴系细胞）的分化，以及募集各种免疫抑制因子以影响肿瘤微环境，从而促进肿瘤细胞的免疫逃逸。然而，我们对lncRNA在癌症免疫逃逸中的具体机制仍知之甚少。尽管如此，尽管取得了前所未有的成就，使得新一代抗肿瘤免疫疗法得以应用于临床试验，但免疫逃逸引起的耐药性已成为一项重大的临床挑战。本综述的重点是描述lncRNA、免疫细胞和肿瘤免疫逃逸之间的关系，以便在人类癌症中确定新的诊断和治疗靶点。
