Centre for Research in Media and Communication, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.
UKM x UNICEF Communication for Development Centre in Health, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.
J Med Internet Res. 2021 Aug 9;23(8):e28249. doi: 10.2196/28249.
One of the successful measures to curb COVID-19 spread in large populations is the implementation of a movement restriction order. Globally, it was observed that countries implementing strict movement control were more successful in controlling the spread of the virus as compared with those with less stringent measures. Society's adherence to the movement control order has helped expedite the process to flatten the pandemic curve as seen in countries such as China and Malaysia. At the same time, there are countries facing challenges with society's nonconformity toward movement restriction orders due to various claims such as human rights violations as well as sociocultural and economic issues. In Indonesia, society's adherence to its large-scale social restrictions (LSSRs) order is also a challenge to achieve. Indonesia is regarded as among the worst in Southeast Asian countries in terms of managing the spread of COVID-19. It is proven by the increased number of daily confirmed cases and the total number of deaths, which was more than 6.21% (1351/21,745) of total active cases as of May 2020.
The aim of this study was to explore public sentiments and emotions toward the LSSR and identify issues, fear, and reluctance to observe this restriction among the Indonesian public.
This study adopts a sentiment analysis method with a supervised machine learning approach on COVID-19-related posts on selected media platforms (Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube). The analysis was also performed on COVID-19-related news contained in more than 500 online news platforms recognized by the Indonesian Press Council. Social media posts and news originating from Indonesian online media between March 31 and May 31, 2020, were analyzed. Emotion analysis on Twitter platform was also performed to identify collective public emotions toward the LSSR.
The study found that positive sentiment surpasses other sentiment categories by 51.84% (n=1,002,947) of the total data (N=1,934,596) collected via the search engine. Negative sentiment was recorded at 35.51% (686,892/1,934,596) and neutral sentiment at 12.65% (244,757/1,934,596). The analysis of Twitter posts also showed that the majority of public have the emotion of "trust" toward the LSSR.
Public sentiment toward the LSSR appeared to be positive despite doubts on government consistency in executing the LSSR. The emotion analysis also concluded that the majority of people believe in LSSR as the best method to break the chain of COVID-19 transmission. Overall, Indonesians showed trust and expressed hope toward the government's ability to manage this current global health crisis and win against COVID-19.
遏制 COVID-19 在大人群中传播的成功措施之一是实施限制行动令。在全球范围内，观察到实施严格的行动控制的国家在控制病毒传播方面比那些采取不太严格措施的国家更为成功。社会对行动限制令的遵守有助于加速像中国和马来西亚等国家的大流行曲线趋平过程。同时，由于侵犯人权以及社会文化和经济问题等各种说法，有些国家在社会对行动限制令的遵守方面面临挑战。在印度尼西亚，实现大规模社会限制令（LSSR）的社会遵守也是一项挑战。印度尼西亚在管理 COVID-19 传播方面被认为是东南亚国家中最差的国家之一。截至 2020 年 5 月，这一点得到了证实，因为每日确诊病例和总死亡人数不断增加，占总活跃病例的比例超过 6.21%（1351/21745）。
本研究旨在探讨公众对 LSSR 的看法和情绪，并确定印度尼西亚公众对该限制令的看法、恐惧和不情愿的问题。
本研究采用有监督的机器学习方法对选定媒体平台（Twitter、Facebook、Instagram 和 YouTube）上与 COVID-19 相关的帖子进行情感分析。还对印度尼西亚新闻理事会认可的 500 多个在线新闻平台上包含的与 COVID-19 相关的新闻进行了分析。对 2020 年 3 月 31 日至 5 月 31 日期间来自印度尼西亚在线媒体的社交媒体帖子和新闻进行了分析。还对 Twitter 平台上的情绪分析进行了分析，以确定公众对 LSSR 的集体情绪。
研究发现，积极情绪比其他情绪类别高出 51.84%（n=1002947），占通过搜索引擎收集的总数据（N=1934596）的 51.84%。负面情绪占 35.51%（686892/1934596），中性情绪占 12.65%（244757/1934596）。对 Twitter 帖子的分析还表明，大多数公众对 LSSR 具有“信任”的情绪。
尽管人们对政府执行 LSSR 的一致性存在疑问，但公众对 LSSR 的看法似乎是积极的。情绪分析还得出结论，大多数人相信 LSSR 是打破 COVID-19 传播链的最佳方法。总的来说，印度尼西亚人对政府管理当前全球卫生危机和战胜 COVID-19 的能力表示信任和希望。
