Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.
Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Small. 2021 Nov;17(45):e2100692. doi: 10.1002/smll.202100692. Epub 2021 Jul 26.
Viral infection is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The growth of globalization significantly increases the risk of virus spreading, making it a global threat to future public health. In particular, the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak emphasizes the importance of devices and methods for rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective diagnosis of viral infections in the early stages by which their quick and global spread can be controlled. Micro and nanoscale technologies have attracted tremendous attention in recent years for a variety of medical and biological applications, especially in developing diagnostic platforms for rapid and accurate detection of viral diseases. This review addresses advances of microneedles, microchip-based integrated platforms, and nano- and microparticles for sampling, sample processing, enrichment, amplification, and detection of viral particles and antigens related to the diagnosis of viral diseases. Additionally, methods for the fabrication of microchip-based devices and commercially used devices are described. Finally, challenges and prospects on the development of micro and nanotechnologies for the early diagnosis of viral diseases are highlighted.
病毒感染是全球主要死亡原因之一。全球化的发展显著增加了病毒传播的风险，使其成为未来全球公共卫生的威胁。特别是，正在发生的 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行爆发强调了在早期快速、敏感和具有成本效益地诊断病毒感染的设备和方法的重要性，通过这些方法可以控制其快速和全球传播。微纳技术近年来在各种医疗和生物应用中引起了极大的关注，特别是在开发用于快速准确检测病毒疾病的诊断平台方面。本文综述了微针、基于微芯片的集成平台以及纳米和微米颗粒在病毒颗粒和与病毒疾病诊断相关的抗原的采样、样品处理、富集、扩增和检测方面的进展。此外，还描述了基于微芯片的器件的制造方法和商业上使用的器件。最后，强调了微纳技术在病毒病早期诊断方面的发展所面临的挑战和前景。
