Von Reyn C F, Mann J M
West J Med. 1987 Dec;147(6):694-701.
A total of 62,811 cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been reported to the World Health Organization from throughout the world. Extensive epidemiologic studies have shown that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are transmitted by three routes: sexual, parenteral and perinatal. Three geographic patterns of transmission have been defined. In pattern I, transmission occurs predominantly among homosexual and bisexual men and urban intravenous drug abusers; transmission via blood products has been controlled; the male:female sex ratio is 10:1 or more; population HIV seroprevalence is low, and perinatal transmission is uncommon (for instance, United States, western Europe). In pattern II, transmission is predominantly heterosexual and perinatal; transmission via blood products exists but is being reduced; unsterile needles and other skin-piercing instruments cause some parenteral transmission (magnitude not known); the male:female sex ratio is 1:1, and population seroprevalence often exceeds 1% (central Africa, Haiti). In pattern III, AIDS cases are just being documented and are generally due to sexual exposure abroad or imported blood products (Middle East, Asia).
全世界向世界卫生组织报告的获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）病例总数达62811例。广泛的流行病学研究表明，人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染通过三种途径传播：性传播、非肠道传播和围产期传播。已确定了三种地理传播模式。在模式I中，传播主要发生在同性恋和双性恋男性以及城市静脉注射吸毒者中；通过血液制品的传播已得到控制；男女比例为10:1或更高；人群HIV血清阳性率较低，围产期传播不常见（例如美国、西欧）。在模式II中，传播主要是异性传播和围产期传播；通过血液制品的传播存在但正在减少；未消毒的针头和其他皮肤穿刺器械导致一些非肠道传播（程度未知）；男女比例为1:1，人群血清阳性率通常超过1%（中非、海地）。在模式III中，艾滋病病例刚刚被记录在案，通常是由于在国外的性接触或输入的血液制品（中东、亚洲）。
