Université de Paris, INSERM U1148, X Bichat Hospital, Paris, F-75018, France.
Elvesys Microfluidics Innovation Center, Paris, 75011, France.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2021 Oct;8(19):e2100798. doi: 10.1002/advs.202100798. Epub 2021 Aug 5.
Vascularization of 3D models represents a major challenge of tissue engineering and a key prerequisite for their clinical and industrial application. The use of prevascularized models built from dedicated materials could solve some of the actual limitations, such as suboptimal integration of the bioconstructs within the host tissue, and would provide more in vivo-like perfusable tissue and organ-specific platforms. In the last decade, the fabrication of vascularized physiologically relevant 3D constructs has been attempted by numerous tissue engineering strategies, which are classified here in microfluidic technology, 3D coculture models, namely, spheroids and organoids, and biofabrication. In this review, the recent advancements in prevascularization techniques and the increasing use of natural and synthetic materials to build physiological organ-specific models are discussed. Current drawbacks of each technology, future perspectives, and translation of vascularized tissue constructs toward clinics, pharmaceutical field, and industry are also presented. By combining complementary strategies, these models are envisioned to be successfully used for regenerative medicine and drug development in a near future.
三维模型的血管化是组织工程的主要挑战，也是其临床和工业应用的关键前提。使用专门材料构建的预血管化模型可以解决一些实际限制，例如生物构建体在宿主组织中的整合不理想，并将提供更类似于体内的可灌注组织和器官特异性平台。在过去的十年中，已经通过许多组织工程策略尝试制造血管化的生理相关的 3D 构建体，这些策略在这里被分类为微流控技术、3D 共培养模型，即球体和类器官，以及生物制造。在这篇综述中，讨论了预血管化技术的最新进展，以及越来越多地使用天然和合成材料来构建生理器官特异性模型。还介绍了每种技术的当前缺点、未来展望以及血管化组织构建体向临床、制药领域和工业的转化。通过结合互补策略，预计这些模型将在不久的将来成功用于再生医学和药物开发。
