Mainini Francesco, De Santis Francesca, Fucà Giovanni, Di Nicola Massimo, Rivoltini Licia, Eccles Michael
Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapeutics Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Jul 27;13(15):3765. doi: 10.3390/cancers13153765.
A number of novel cancer therapies have recently emerged that have rapidly moved from the bench to the clinic. Onco-immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint blockade inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies, have revolutionized the field, since they provide a way to induce strong anti-tumor immune responses, which are able to fight cancer effectively. However, despite showing great efficacy in hematological and some solid tumors, unresponsiveness, development of therapy resistance and the development of serious adverse effects, limit their capacity to impact the vast majority of tumors. Nanoparticle-based delivery systems are versatile vehicles for a wide variety of molecular cargoes and provide an innovative strategy to improve conventional onco-immunotherapies. They can be finely tuned to release their contents in the tumor microenvironment, or to deliver combinations of adjuvants and antigens in the case of nanovaccines. In this review, we summarize the recent advancements in the field of nanobiotechnology, to remodel the tumor microenvironment and to enhance immunotherapies.
最近出现了一些新型癌症疗法，它们迅速从实验室走向临床。肿瘤免疫疗法，如免疫检查点阻断抑制剂和过继性细胞疗法，已经彻底改变了该领域，因为它们提供了一种诱导强大抗肿瘤免疫反应的方法，这种反应能够有效对抗癌症。然而，尽管在血液系统肿瘤和一些实体瘤中显示出巨大疗效，但无反应性、治疗抗性的发展以及严重不良反应的出现，限制了它们对绝大多数肿瘤的影响能力。基于纳米颗粒的递送系统是用于多种分子货物的通用载体，并为改进传统肿瘤免疫疗法提供了一种创新策略。它们可以进行精细调节，以在肿瘤微环境中释放其内容物，或者在纳米疫苗的情况下递送佐剂和抗原的组合。在这篇综述中，我们总结了纳米生物技术领域最近的进展，以重塑肿瘤微环境并增强免疫疗法。
