Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2022 Jan;14(1):e1739. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1739. Epub 2021 Jul 22.
Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a pillar of the cancer therapy armamentarium. Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) is a mainstay of modern immunotherapy. Although ICT monotherapy has demonstrated remarkable clinical efficacy in some patients, the majority do not respond to treatment. In addition, many patients eventually develop resistance to ICT, disease recurrence, and toxicity from off-target effects. Combination therapy is a keystone strategy to overcome the limitations of monotherapy. With the integration of ICT and any therapy that induces tumor cell lysis and release of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), ICT is expected to strengthen the coordinated innate and adaptive immune responses to TAA release and promote systemic, cellular antitumor immunity. Nanomedicine is well poised to facilitate combination ICT. Nanoparticles with delivery and/or immunomodulation capacities have been successfully combined with ICT in preclinical applications. Delivery nanoparticles protect and control the targeted release of their cargo. Inherently immunomodulatory nanoparticles can facilitate immunogenic cell death, modification of the tumor microenvironment, immune cell mimicry and modulation, and/or in situ vaccination. Nanoparticles are frequently multifunctional, combining multiple treatment strategies into a single platform with ICT. Nanomedicine and ICT combinations have great potential to yield novel, powerful treatments for patients with cancer. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
癌症免疫疗法已成为癌症治疗武器库的重要组成部分。免疫检查点疗法 (ICT) 是现代免疫疗法的主要手段。虽然 ICT 单药治疗在一些患者中显示出显著的临床疗效，但大多数患者对此治疗没有反应。此外，许多患者最终对 ICT 产生耐药性，疾病复发，以及脱靶效应引起的毒性。联合治疗是克服单药治疗局限性的关键策略。随着 ICT 与任何诱导肿瘤细胞裂解和释放肿瘤相关抗原 (TAA) 的治疗方法的结合，ICT 有望增强对 TAA 释放的协调固有和适应性免疫反应，并促进全身性、细胞抗肿瘤免疫。纳米医学非常适合促进联合 ICT。具有递药和/或免疫调节能力的纳米颗粒已在临床前应用中成功与 ICT 联合使用。递药纳米颗粒可保护和控制其载药的靶向释放。固有免疫调节纳米颗粒可促进免疫原性细胞死亡、肿瘤微环境的修饰、免疫细胞模拟和调节、以及原位疫苗接种。纳米颗粒通常具有多功能性，将多种治疗策略结合到 ICT 单一平台中。纳米医学和 ICT 联合治疗有很大的潜力为癌症患者提供新的、强大的治疗方法。本文属于以下类别： 治疗方法和药物发现 > 用于肿瘤疾病的纳米医学 治疗方法和药物发现 > 新兴技术。
