Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jul 26;22(15):7938. doi: 10.3390/ijms22157938.
exposure to environmental contaminants has been linked to an increased risk of neurological diseases and poor outcomes. Chemical name of Atrazine (ATR) is 6-chloro--ethyl-'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine, and it is the most commonly used broad-spectrum herbicide in agricultural crops. Several studies have demonstrated that ATR has the potential to be harmful to the brain's neuronal circuits. Until today nobody has explored the effect of ATR inhalation on young and aged mice.
young and aged mice were subject to 25 mg of ATR in a vehicle made with saline and 10% of Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) every day for 28 days. At the end of experiment different behavioral test were made and brain was collected.
exposure to ATR induced the same response in terms of behavioral alterations and motor and memory impairment in mice but in aged group was more marked. Additionally, in both young and aged mice ATR inhalations induced oxidative stress with impairment in physiological antioxidant response, lipid peroxidation, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (nf-κb) pathways activation with consequences of pro-inflammatory cytokines release and apoptosis. However, the older group was shown to be more sensitive to ATR inhalation.
our results showed that aged mice were more susceptible compared to young mice to air pollutants exposure, put in place a minor physiologically response was seen when exposed to it.
接触环境污染物与神经疾病风险增加和预后不良有关。莠去津（ATR）的化学名称为 6-氯-乙基-（1-甲基乙基）-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-二胺，是农业作物中使用最广泛的广谱除草剂。多项研究表明，ATR 有可能对大脑神经元回路造成损害。迄今为止，还没有人研究过 ATR 吸入对年轻和老年小鼠的影响。
年轻和老年小鼠每天接受 25 毫克 ATR，溶于生理盐水和 10%二甲基亚砜（DMSO）制成的载体中，共 28 天。实验结束时，进行了不同的行为测试，并采集了大脑。
ATR 暴露在行为改变、运动和记忆障碍方面对小鼠产生了相同的反应，但在老年组更为明显。此外，ATR 吸入在年轻和老年小鼠中均诱导氧化应激，导致生理抗氧化反应、脂质过氧化、核因子κB 轻链增强子激活 B 细胞（nf-κB）途径激活的损伤，从而导致促炎细胞因子释放和细胞凋亡。然而，老年组对 ATR 吸入更为敏感。
我们的研究结果表明，与年轻小鼠相比，老年小鼠更容易受到空气污染物暴露的影响，当暴露于ATR 时，其生理反应较小。
