Huang Yan, Qian Jia-Yi, Cheng Hong, Li Xiao-Ming
Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
World J Stem Cells. 2021 Jul 26;13(7):894-913. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i7.894.
Stem cell transplantation is an appealing potential therapy for vascular diseases and an indispensable key step in vascular tissue engineering. Substantial effort has been made to differentiate stem cells toward vascular cell phenotypes, including endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells. The microenvironment of vascular cells not only contains biochemical factors that influence differentiation but also exerts hemodynamic forces, such as shear stress and cyclic strain. More recently, studies have shown that shear stress can influence the differentiation of stem cells toward ECs. A deep understanding of the responses and underlying mechanisms involved in this process is essential for clinical translation. This review highlights current data supporting the role of shear stress in stem cell differentiation into ECs. Potential mechanisms and signaling cascades for transducing shear stress into a biological signal are proposed. Further study of stem cell responses to shear stress will be necessary to apply stem cells for pharmacological applications and cardiovascular implants in the realm of regenerative medicine.
干细胞移植是一种治疗血管疾病的有吸引力的潜在疗法，也是血管组织工程中不可或缺的关键步骤。人们已经付出了巨大努力，使干细胞向血管细胞表型分化，包括内皮细胞（ECs）和平滑肌细胞。血管细胞的微环境不仅包含影响分化的生化因子，还施加血流动力学力，如剪切应力和循环应变。最近，研究表明剪切应力可以影响干细胞向ECs的分化。深入了解这一过程中涉及的反应和潜在机制对于临床转化至关重要。本综述重点介绍了支持剪切应力在干细胞分化为ECs中作用的当前数据。提出了将剪切应力转化为生物信号的潜在机制和信号级联。为了在再生医学领域将干细胞应用于药理学应用和心血管植入物，有必要进一步研究干细胞对剪切应力的反应。
