Veryaskina Y A, Titov S E, Kovynev I B, Fedorova S S, Pospelova T I, Zhimulev I F
Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia.
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia.
Acta Naturae. 2021 Apr-Jun;13(2):4-15. doi: 10.32607/actanaturae.11209.
The myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) holds a special place among blood cancers, as it represents a whole spectrum of hematological disorders with impaired differentiation of hematopoietic precursors, bone marrow dysplasia, genetic instability and is noted for an increased risk of acute myeloid leukemia. Both genetic and epigenetic factors, including microRNAs (miRNAs), are involved in MDS development. MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that are important regulators of normal hematopoiesis, and abnormal changes in their expression levels can contribute to hematological tumor development. To assess the prognosis of the disease, an international assessment system taking into account a karyotype, the number of blast cells, and the degree of deficiency of different blood cell types is used. However, the overall survival and effectiveness of the therapy offered are not always consistent with predictions. The search for new biomarkers, followed by their integration into the existing prognostic system, will allow for personalized treatment to be performed with more precision. Additionally, this paper explains how miRNA expression levels correlate with the prognosis of overall survival and response to the therapy offered.
骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）在血液癌症中占有特殊地位，因为它代表了一系列造血前体细胞分化受损、骨髓发育异常、基因不稳定的血液系统疾病，并以急性髓系白血病风险增加为特征。遗传和表观遗传因素，包括微小RNA（miRNA），都参与了MDS的发生发展。微小RNA是短链非编码RNA，是正常造血的重要调节因子，其表达水平的异常变化可导致血液肿瘤的发生。为评估该疾病的预后，采用了一种国际评估系统，该系统考虑了核型、原始细胞数量以及不同血细胞类型的缺乏程度。然而，所提供治疗的总生存率和疗效并不总是与预测一致。寻找新的生物标志物，并将其整合到现有的预后系统中，将使个性化治疗能够更精确地进行。此外，本文还解释了miRNA表达水平与总生存预后以及所提供治疗反应之间的相关性。
