Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center RAS, Prospekt Oktyabrya 71, 450054 Ufa, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Aug 15;22(16):8752. doi: 10.3390/ijms22168752.
CRISPR/Cas, one of the most rapidly developing technologies in the world, has been applied successfully in plant science. To test new nucleases, gRNA expression systems and other inventions in this field, several plant genes with visible phenotypic effects have been constantly used as targets. Anthocyanin pigmentation is one of the most easily identified traits, that does not require any additional treatment. It is also associated with stress resistance, therefore plants with edited anthocyanin genes might be of interest for agriculture. Phenotypic effect of CRISPR/Cas editing of and its homologs, , and genes have been confirmed in several distinct plant species. appears to be a key structural gene of anthocyanin biosynthesis, controlled by various transcription factors. There are still many promising potential model genes that have not been edited yet. Some of them, such as and , have been shown to regulate drought tolerance in addition to anthocyanin biosynthesis. Genes, also involved in trichome development, such as and , can provide increased visibility. In this review successful events of CRISPR/Cas editing of anthocyanin genes are summarized, and new model genes are proposed. It can be useful for molecular biologists and genetic engineers, crop scientists, plant genetics and physiologists.
CRISPR/Cas 是世界上发展最快的技术之一，已成功应用于植物科学。为了在该领域测试新的核酸酶、gRNA 表达系统和其他发明，人们不断将几种具有明显表型效应的植物基因作为靶标。花青素色素沉着是最容易识别的特征之一，不需要任何额外的处理。它还与抗逆性有关，因此编辑花青素基因的植物可能对农业有兴趣。在几种不同的植物物种中，已经证实了 CRISPR/Cas 编辑 及其同源物 、 和 基因的表型效应。 似乎是花青素生物合成的关键结构基因，受各种转录因子控制。还有许多有前途的潜在模型基因尚未被编辑。其中一些基因，如 和 ，除了调节花青素生物合成外，还被证明可以调节抗旱性。还参与毛状体发育的基因，如 和 ，可以提供更高的可见度。在这篇综述中，总结了 CRISPR/Cas 编辑花青素基因的成功事件，并提出了新的模型基因。它对分子生物学家和遗传工程师、作物科学家、植物遗传学和生理学家都有用。
