Škarpa Petr, Mikušová Dominika, Antošovský Jiří, Kučera Milan, Ryant Pavel
Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
Research Institute of Chemical Technology (VUCHT a.s.), Nobelova 34, 836 03 Bratislava, Slovakia.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Aug 5;10(8):1605. doi: 10.3390/plants10081605.
Fertilizer coating can increase the efficiency of N fertilizers and reduce their negative impact on the environment. This may be achieved by the utilization of biodegradable natural coating materials instead of polyurethane-based polymers. The aim of this study was to detect the effect of calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) fertilizer coated with modified conventional polyurethane enhanced with vegetable oils on the yield and quality of L. compared to CAN fertilizer with a vegetable oil-based polymer and to assess the risks of nitrogen loss. Three types of treatments were tested for both coated fertilizers: divided application (CAN, coated CAN), a single application of coated CAN, and a single application of CAN with coated CAN (1:2). A single application of coated CAN with both types of coating in the growth stage of the 9th true leaf significantly increased the yield, the thousand seed weight, and oil production compared to the uncoated CAN. The potential of using coated CAN may be seen in a slow nitrogen release ensuring the nitrogen demand for rapeseed plants throughout vegetation and eliminating the risk of its loss. The increased potential of NH volatilization and NO leaching were determined using the uncoated CAN fertilizer compared to the coated variants. Oil-based polymer coatings on CAN fertilizer can be considered as an adequate replacement for partially modified conventional polyurethane.
肥料包膜可以提高氮肥的效率并减少其对环境的负面影响。这可以通过使用可生物降解的天然包膜材料来实现，而不是基于聚氨酯的聚合物。本研究的目的是检测用植物油增强的改性常规聚氨酯包膜的硝酸钙铵（CAN）肥料与基于植物油聚合物的CAN肥料相比，对油菜产量和品质的影响，并评估氮素损失的风险。对两种包膜肥料都测试了三种处理方式：分次施用（CAN、包膜CAN）、单次施用包膜CAN以及CAN与包膜CAN按1:2比例单次混合施用。与未包膜的CAN相比，在第9片真叶生长阶段单次施用两种包膜类型的包膜CAN均显著提高了产量、千粒重和产油量。使用包膜CAN的潜力在于其缓慢的氮释放，可确保油菜整个生育期对氮的需求并消除氮素损失的风险。与包膜变体相比，使用未包膜的CAN肥料测定出氨挥发和硝态氮淋失的可能性增加。CAN肥料上的油基聚合物包膜可被视为部分改性常规聚氨酯的合适替代品。
