Gil-Ortiz Ricardo, Naranjo Miguel Ángel, Ruiz-Navarro Antonio, Atares Sergio, García Carlos, Zotarelli Lincoln, San Bautista Alberto, Vicente Oscar
Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
Fertinagro Biotech S.L., Polígono de la Paz, C/ Berlín s/n, 44195 Teruel, Spain.
Plants (Basel). 2020 Sep 11;9(9):1183. doi: 10.3390/plants9091183.
Fertilizer-use efficiency is one of the most critical concerns in rice cultivation to reduce N losses, increase yields, and improve crop management. The effects of a new polymeric-coated controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) were compared to those of other slow-release and traditional fertilizers in a microscale experiment, which was carried out in cuvettes under partly controlled ambient conditions, and a large-scale field experiment. To evaluate the fertilizer's efficiency, nitrogen and water-use efficiency were calculated using the measurement of different photosynthetic and crop yield parameters. Improved responses regarding some of the analyzed physiological and growth parameters were observed for those plants fertilized with the new CRF. In the microscale experiment, significantly increased yields (ca. 35%) were produced in the plants treated with CRF as compared to traditional fertilizer. These results were in accordance with ca. 24% significant increased levels of N in leaves of CRF-treated plants, besides increased P, Fe, Mn, and cytokinin contents. At the field scale, similar yields were obtained with the slow-release or traditional fertilizers and CRF at a 20% reduced N dose. The new controlled-release fertilizer is a urea-based fertilizer coated with lignosulfonates, which is cheaply produced from the waste of pulp and wood industries, containing humic acids as biostimulants. In conclusion, CRF is recommended to facilitate rice crop management and to reduce contamination, as it can be formulated with lower N doses and because it is ecological manufacturing.
肥料利用效率是水稻种植中最关键的问题之一，关乎减少氮素损失、提高产量以及改善作物管理。在一项微型实验和一项大型田间实验中，将一种新型聚合物包膜控释肥料（CRF）的效果与其他缓释肥料和传统肥料进行了比较。微型实验在比色皿中于部分受控的环境条件下进行。为评估该肥料的效率，通过测量不同的光合和作物产量参数来计算氮素和水分利用效率。对于施用新型CRF的植株，在一些分析的生理和生长参数方面观察到了更好的响应。在微型实验中，与传统肥料相比，施用CRF的植株产量显著提高（约35%）。这些结果与CRF处理植株叶片中氮素水平显著提高约24%相符，此外磷、铁、锰和细胞分裂素含量也有所增加。在田间尺度上，缓释肥料或传统肥料与CRF在减少20%氮素用量的情况下获得了相似的产量。这种新型控释肥料是一种以尿素为基础、用木质素磺酸盐包膜的肥料，它由制浆和木材工业的废料廉价生产而成，含有腐殖酸作为生物刺激剂。总之，推荐使用CRF来促进水稻作物管理并减少污染，因为它可以用较低的氮素用量配制，并且是生态制造。
