Kontárová Soňa, Přikryl Radek, Škarpa Petr, Kriška Tomáš, Antošovský Jiří, Gregušková Zuzana, Figalla Silvestr, Jašek Vojtěch, Sedlmajer Marek, Menčík Přemysl, Mikolajová Mária
Institute of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic.
Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Mendel University in Brno, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 Oct 14;14(20):4323. doi: 10.3390/polym14204323.
Fertilizers play an essential role in agriculture due to the rising food demand. However, high input fertilizer concentration and the non-controlled leaching of nutrients cause an unwanted increase in reactive, unassimilated nitrogen and induce environmental pollution. This paper investigates the preparation and properties of slow-release fertilizer with fully biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) coating that releases nitrogen gradually and is not a pollutant for soil. Nitrogen fertilizer (calcium ammonium nitrate) was pelletized with selected filler materials (poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), struvite, dried biomass). Pellets were coated with a solution of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in dioxolane that formed a high-quality and thin polymer coating. Coated pellets were tested in aqueous and soil environments. Some coated pellets showed excellent resistance even after 76 days in water, where only 20% of the ammonium nitrate was released. Pot experiments in Mitscherlich vegetation vessels monitored the effect of the application of coated fertilizers on the development and growth of maize and the dynamics of N release in the soil. We found that the use of our coated fertilizers in maize nutrition is a suitable way to supply nutrients to plants concerning their needs and that the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) that was used for the coating does not adversely affect the growth of maize plants.
由于粮食需求不断增加，肥料在农业中发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，高投入的肥料浓度以及养分的无控制淋失导致活性、未同化氮意外增加，并引发环境污染。本文研究了具有完全可生物降解聚（3-羟基丁酸酯）涂层的缓释肥料的制备及其性能，该涂层能逐渐释放氮且对土壤无污染。氮肥（硝酸钙铵）与选定的填充材料（聚（3-羟基丁酸酯）、鸟粪石、干燥生物质）造粒。颗粒用聚（3-羟基丁酸酯）在二氧戊环中的溶液进行包衣，形成高质量的薄聚合物涂层。对包衣颗粒在水和土壤环境中进行了测试。一些包衣颗粒即使在水中放置76天后仍表现出优异的抗性，此时只有20%的硝酸铵被释放。在米氏植被容器中进行的盆栽试验监测了包衣肥料的施用对玉米发育和生长以及土壤中氮释放动态的影响。我们发现，在玉米营养中使用我们的包衣肥料是一种根据植物需求向其供应养分的合适方式，并且用于包衣的聚（3-羟基丁酸酯）不会对玉米植株生长产生不利影响。
