Zhao Lei, Ma Xiaoting, Yu Jing
Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong An Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100050, China.
Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev. 2021 Jun 4;22:133-147. doi: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.05.016. eCollection 2021 Sep 10.
The transmission of information between tumor cells and other cell types in the tumor microenvironment plays an important role in tumor metastasis and is critically modulated by exosomes and other mediators. Tumor-derived exosomes can promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, immune escape, formation of the pre-metastatic microenvironment, and transmission of drug-resistant molecules, thereby promoting tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Integrins are important regulatory molecules on exosomes that can locate metastatic cells at the initial stage of metastasis and show good organotropism. This fact suggests that a clear understanding of the roles of exosomal integrins will be beneficial for future clinical applications. Follow-up studies on exosomes using continuously updated purification techniques and identification methods are extremely important. In addition to their potential as cancer biomarkers, exosomes also provide new research directions for precision medicine. Currently, exosomes have potential value in disease treatment and provide clinicians with more meaningful judgment standards.
肿瘤细胞与肿瘤微环境中其他细胞类型之间的信息传递在肿瘤转移中起重要作用，并受到外泌体和其他介质的严格调控。肿瘤来源的外泌体可促进上皮-间质转化、血管生成、免疫逃逸、前转移微环境的形成以及耐药分子的传递，从而促进肿瘤生长、侵袭和转移。整合素是外泌体上的重要调节分子，可在转移初期定位转移细胞，并表现出良好的器官趋向性。这一事实表明，清楚了解外泌体整合素的作用将有利于未来的临床应用。使用不断更新的纯化技术和鉴定方法对外泌体进行后续研究极为重要。除了作为癌症生物标志物的潜力外，外泌体还为精准医学提供了新的研究方向。目前，外泌体在疾病治疗中具有潜在价值，并为临床医生提供了更有意义的判断标准。
